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Beukers relation basis has full rank at every complex specialization

Proved
ArithmeticE.relation_basis_specializes

by shivm · Sep 11, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

e-functionsformalizationlinear-algebra

Every finite family of complex formal power series admits a polynomial basis for all its polynomial relations whose rows remain linearly independent at every complex point. Explicitly, there exist rrr polynomial rows CjC_jCj​ such that each ∑iCjifi=0\sum_iC_{ji}f_i=0∑i​Cji​fi​=0, every polynomial relation is a polynomial linear combination of these rows, and (Cj(ξ))j=1r(C_j(\xi))_{j=1}^r(Cj​(ξ))j=1r​ is linearly independent over C\mathbb CC for every ξ∈C\xi\in\mathbb Cξ∈C. This is the full-rank specialization assertion of Beukers' relation-basis lemma. It follows by evaluating the polynomial left inverse constructed in the proved relation-basis theorem.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_beukersLiftingData
Formal statement
theorem ArithmeticE.relation_basis_specializes (m : ℕ) (f : Fin m → PowerSeries ℂ) :
    ∃ (r : ℕ) (C : Fin r → Fin m → Polynomial ℂ),
      (∀ j, ∑ i, (C j i : PowerSeries ℂ) * f i = 0) ∧
      (∀ p : Fin m → Polynomial ℂ, (∑ i, (p i : PowerSeries ℂ) * f i = 0) →
        ∃ b : Fin r → Polynomial ℂ, ∀ i, p i = ∑ j, b j * C j i) ∧
      (∀ ξ : ℂ, LinearIndependent ℂ (fun j i => (C j i).eval ξ)) := by sorry
Source
Beukers, https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~beuke106/siegelshidlovskii.pdf, Lemma 3.1, pp. 5–6.

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