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Erdős–Lovász local lemma, asymmetric form, uniform finite probability space (Theorem 13)

Proved
QLLL.SAT.classical_lll

by sattath · Oct 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

lovasz-local-lemmaprobabilistic-methodquantum-lll

Let Ω\OmegaΩ be a finite nonempty set with the uniform probability Pr⁡(A)=∣A∣/∣Ω∣\Pr(A) = |A| / |\Omega|Pr(A)=∣A∣/∣Ω∣ on its subsets. Let A1,…,An⊆ΩA_1, \dots, A_n \subseteq \OmegaA1​,…,An​⊆Ω be events, thought of as the good events, and let Γ(1),…,Γ(n)⊆{1,…,n}\Gamma(1), \dots, \Gamma(n) \subseteq \{1, \dots, n\}Γ(1),…,Γ(n)⊆{1,…,n} form a dependency graph: for every iii and every set SSS of indices with i∉Si \notin Si∈/S and S∩Γ(i)=∅S \cap \Gamma(i) = \emptysetS∩Γ(i)=∅, Pr⁡(Ai∩⋂j∈SAj)=Pr⁡(Ai)Pr⁡(⋂j∈SAj)\Pr\big(A_i \cap \bigcap_{j \in S} A_j\big) = \Pr(A_i) \Pr\big(\bigcap_{j \in S} A_j\big)Pr(Ai​∩⋂j∈S​Aj​)=Pr(Ai​)Pr(⋂j∈S​Aj​).

Let y1,…,yny_1, \dots, y_ny1​,…,yn​ be real numbers with 0≤yi<10 \le y_i < 10≤yi​<1 such that Pr⁡(Ai)≥1−yi∏j∈Γ(i)(1−yj)\Pr(A_i) \ge 1 - y_i \prod_{j \in \Gamma(i)} (1 - y_j)Pr(Ai​)≥1−yi​∏j∈Γ(i)​(1−yj​) for every iii. Then

Pr⁡(⋂i=1nAi) ≥ ∏i=1n(1−yi).\Pr\Big(\bigcap_{i=1}^{n} A_i\Big) \ \ge\ \prod_{i=1}^{n} (1 - y_i).Pr(i=1⋂n​Ai​) ≥ i=1∏n​(1−yi​).

This is the asymmetric local lemma of Erdős and Lovász, Theorem 13 in Ambainis, Kempe and Sattath, obtained as the classical instance of the abstract lemma QLLL.Valuation.lll at uniform probability. Other formulations of the classical local lemma exist on the platform, for example AppliedComb.ManyFaces.local_lemma_asymmetric and Combinatorics.finite_symmetric_local_lemma.

Formalization Note The paper states the classical lemma for bad events BiB_iBi​ on an arbitrary probability space. Here it is stated for the good events Ai=BicA_i = B_i^{c}Ai​=Bic​ under the uniform probability on a finite set, and the dependency hypothesis is independence of AiA_iAi​ from intersections of good events. Under the usual notion of mutual independence (from the σ\sigmaσ-algebra generated by the non-neighbours) this hypothesis is implied, so the usual applications are covered.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_QLLL_LocalLemma_Basic
import Definitions.Def_QLLL_Classical_KSAT
import Mathlib
import Std.Sat.CNF

open QLLL
open QLLL.SAT
open Finset Std.Sat
variable (Ω : Type*) [Fintype Ω] [DecidableEq Ω] [Nonempty Ω]
Formal statement
theorem QLLL.SAT.classical_lll {m : ℕ} {A : Fin m → Finset Ω} {Γ : Fin m → Finset (Fin m)}
    {y : Fin m → ℝ} (hΓ : (counting Ω).IsDependencyGraph A Γ)
    (hy₀ : ∀ i, 0 ≤ y i) (hy₁ : ∀ i, y i < 1)
    (hA : ∀ i, 1 - y i * ∏ j ∈ Γ i, (1 - y j) ≤ counting Ω (A i)) :
    ∏ i, (1 - y i) ≤ counting Ω (univ.inf A) := by sorry
Source
A. Ambainis, J. Kempe, O. Sattath, A Quantum Lovász Local Lemma, J. ACM 59(5):24 (2012), arXiv:0911.1696 (numbering of the arXiv version), Theorem 13 (Erdős and Lovász), restated for good events

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