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The race with split head lifts

Definition
KServer_race_fix

by Shuze Chen · Sep 1, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

k-serverlower-boundprobability

A corrected assembly of the race chunk system in which the offline follow-the-survivor bound uses two separate nonexpansive lifts of the head phase, one for each survivor branch, sharing their starting point. A single head lift cannot simultaneously meet the entrances of the two middle copies while the two coin copies stay separated, so the offline wrapper takes lifts ιAL\iota_A^LιAL​ and ιAR\iota_A^RιAR​ with ιAL(s)=ιAR(s)\iota_A^L(s) = \iota_A^R(s)ιAL​(s)=ιAR​(s) and junction conditions ιAL(t)=ιL(s)\iota_A^L(t) = \iota_L(s)ιAL​(t)=ιL​(s), ιAR(t)=ιR(s)\iota_A^R(t) = \iota_R(s)ιAR​(t)=ιR​(s); each survivor branch follows its own side, giving offline cost at most 3 d(s,t)3\,d(s,t)3d(s,t) from the common start. The full race system assembly is restated with these hypotheses, producing a chunk system on the target space from the four constituent systems with the trivial-initial-history, variance, and nonempty-chunk conjuncts; the expected-total and variance bounds enter as hypotheses.

Definition code
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_KServer_evader
import Definitions.Def_KServer_evader_bail
import Definitions.Def_KServer_chunk_system_b
import Definitions.Def_KServer_chunk_cond
import Definitions.Def_KServer_chunk_stopping
import Definitions.Def_KServer_bail_append
import Definitions.Def_KServer_shadow
import Definitions.Def_KServer_park_shadow
import Definitions.Def_KServer_shadow2
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_sched
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_coin
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_core
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_hist
import Definitions.Def_KServer_absorb
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_opt
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_cost1
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_cost2
import Definitions.Def_KServer_race_assemble

set_option linter.unreachableTactic false
set_option linter.unusedTactic false
set_option maxHeartbeats 3200000

namespace KServer

namespace Race

variable {X Y : Type*} [MetricSpace X] [MetricSpace Y]
variable {s t : X} {cB T pe : ℝ} {mL : ℕ}

section RaceWrap2

variable (A BL BR CC : ChunkSystemB X s t 0 cB T pe mL)
variable (GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR : Set X → Set Y) (stopPt : Y)
variable (κ : ℕ)

open Classical in
/-- The follow-the-survivor offline bound, with separate lifts of the
head phase for the two survivor branches (they share the starting
point).  This removes the impossible requirement that a single head lift
meet both middle copies. -/
theorem race_opt2 (hκL : κ ≤ BL.m) (hκR : κ ≤ BR.m)
    (ιAL ιAR ιL ιR ιTL ιTR : X → Y)
    (hιAL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιAL x) (ιAL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιAR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιAR x) (ιAR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιL x) (ιL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιR x) (ιR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιTL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιTL x) (ιTL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιTR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιTR x) (ιTR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hGAL : ∀ S : Set X, ιAL '' S ⊆ GmA S)
    (hGAR : ∀ S : Set X, ιAR '' S ⊆ GmA S)
    (hGL : ∀ S : Set X, ιL '' S ⊆ GmL S)
    (hGR : ∀ S : Set X, ιR '' S ⊆ GmR S)
    (hGTL : ∀ S : Set X, ιTL '' S ⊆ GmTL S)
    (hGTR : ∀ S : Set X, ιTR '' S ⊆ GmTR S)
    (hJ0 : ιAL s = ιAR s)
    (hJ1L : ιAL t = ιL s) (hJ1R : ιAR t = ιR s)
    (hJ2L : ιL t = ιTL s) (hJ2R : ιR t = ιTR s)
    (hJ3L : ιTL t = stopPt) (hJ3R : ιTR t = stopPt)
    (ω : RΩ A BL BR CC κ) :
    evaderOfflineCost (ιAL s)
      ((List.ofFn (fun i : Fin (mrace A BL BR CC κ) =>
        rchunk A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω (i : ℕ))).flatten)
      ≤ 3 * dist s t := by
  have hcmL : cntL ω.2.2.2.2 κ ≤ BL.m := le_trans (cntL_le _ le_rfl) hκL
  have hcmR : cntR ω.2.2.2.2 κ ≤ BR.m := le_trans (cntR_le _ le_rfl) hκR
  by_cases hs : survL A BL BR CC κ ω
  · -- survivor is the left side
    have hremv : remCnt A BL BR CC κ ω = BL.m - cntL ω.2.2.2.2 κ := by
      unfold remCnt
      rw [if_pos hs]
    refine race_absorb_aux A BL CC GmA GmL GmTL stopPt κ ιAL ιL ιTL
      hιAL hιL hιTL hGAL hGL hGTL hJ1L hJ2L hJ3L ω.1 ω.2.1 ω.2.2.2.1
      (cntL ω.2.2.2.2) (cntL_zero _)
      (remCnt A BL BR CC κ ω) (by omega)
      (mrace A BL BR CC κ)
      (rchunk A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω)
      ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_
    · intro r hr
      exact rchunk_A A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω hr
    · intro j hj
      rw [rchunk_coin A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω hj]
      by_cases hb : ω.2.2.2.2 ⟨j, hj⟩
      · left
        refine ⟨by rw [cntL_succ _ hj, if_pos hb],
          parkR A BL BR CC GmR κ ω j, ?_⟩
        rw [if_pos hb]
      · right
        refine ⟨by rw [cntL_succ _ hj, if_neg hb, Nat.add_zero], ?_⟩
        intro Sy hSy
        rw [if_neg hb] at hSy
        unfold parkMap at hSy
        rw [List.mem_map] at hSy
        obtain ⟨S', hS', rfl⟩ := hSy
        show parkL A BL BR CC GmL κ ω j ⊆ _
        exact Set.subset_union_right
    · intro k hk
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_pos hs, if_pos hk]
    · intro k hk1 hk2
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_pos hs, if_neg (by omega), if_pos hk2]
    · intro k hk1 hk2 Sy hSy
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_pos hs, if_neg (by omega), if_neg (by omega)] at hSy
      rw [List.mem_singleton] at hSy
      rw [hSy]
      exact rfl
  · -- survivor is the right side
    have hremv : remCnt A BL BR CC κ ω = BR.m - cntR ω.2.2.2.2 κ := by
      unfold remCnt
      rw [if_neg hs]
    rw [hJ0]
    refine race_absorb_aux A BR CC GmA GmR GmTR stopPt κ ιAR ιR ιTR
      hιAR hιR hιTR hGAR hGR hGTR hJ1R hJ2R hJ3R ω.1 ω.2.2.1 ω.2.2.2.1
      (cntR ω.2.2.2.2) (cntR_zero _)
      (remCnt A BL BR CC κ ω) (by omega)
      (mrace A BL BR CC κ)
      (rchunk A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω)
      ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_
    · intro r hr
      exact rchunk_A A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω hr
    · intro j hj
      rw [rchunk_coin A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω hj]
      by_cases hb : ω.2.2.2.2 ⟨j, hj⟩
      · right
        refine ⟨by rw [cntR_succ _ hj, if_neg (by simpa using hb),
          Nat.add_zero], ?_⟩
        intro Sy hSy
        rw [if_pos hb] at hSy
        unfold parkMap at hSy
        rw [List.mem_map] at hSy
        obtain ⟨S', hS', rfl⟩ := hSy
        show parkR A BL BR CC GmR κ ω j ⊆ _
        exact Set.subset_union_right
      · left
        refine ⟨by rw [cntR_succ _ hj, if_pos (by simpa using hb)],
          parkL A BL BR CC GmL κ ω j, ?_⟩
        rw [if_neg hb]
    · intro k hk
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_neg hs, if_pos hk]
    · intro k hk1 hk2
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_neg hs, if_neg (by omega), if_pos hk2]
    · intro k hk1 hk2 Sy hSy
      rw [rchunk_tail A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω k,
        if_neg hs, if_neg (by omega), if_neg (by omega)] at hSy
      rw [List.mem_singleton] at hSy
      rw [hSy]
      exact rfl

end RaceWrap2

section RaceSystem2

variable (A BL BR CC : ChunkSystemB X s t 0 cB T pe mL)
variable (GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR : Set X → Set Y) (stopPt : Y)
variable (κ : ℕ) (ε : ℝ)

open Classical in
/-- **The race, with split head lifts**: the four constituent systems and
the coin race assemble into a chunk system on the target space, carrying
the trivial-initial-history, variance, and no-empty-chunk conjuncts.
The expected-total and variance bounds enter as hypotheses. -/
theorem race_system2 (hε : 0 < ε) (hκL : κ ≤ BL.m) (hκR : κ ≤ BR.m)
    (πA πL πR πTL πTR : Y → X) (ιAL ιAR ιL ιR ιTL ιTR : X → Y)
    (hπA : ∀ y z : Y, dist (πA y) (πA z) ≤ dist y z)
    (hπL : ∀ y z : Y, dist (πL y) (πL z) ≤ dist y z)
    (hπR : ∀ y z : Y, dist (πR y) (πR z) ≤ dist y z)
    (hπTL : ∀ y z : Y, dist (πTL y) (πTL z) ≤ dist y z)
    (hπTR : ∀ y z : Y, dist (πTR y) (πTR z) ≤ dist y z)
    (hGA : ∀ S : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmA S, πA y ∈ S)
    (hGL : ∀ S : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmL S, πL y ∈ S)
    (hGR : ∀ S : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmR S, πR y ∈ S)
    (hGTL : ∀ S : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmTL S, πTL y ∈ S)
    (hGTR : ∀ S : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmTR S, πTR y ∈ S)
    (hGneA : ∀ S : Set X, S.Nonempty → (GmA S).Nonempty)
    (hGneL : ∀ S : Set X, S.Nonempty → (GmL S).Nonempty)
    (hGneR : ∀ S : Set X, S.Nonempty → (GmR S).Nonempty)
    (hGneTL : ∀ S : Set X, S.Nonempty → (GmTL S).Nonempty)
    (hGneTR : ∀ S : Set X, S.Nonempty → (GmTR S).Nonempty)
    (hιAL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιAL x) (ιAL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιAR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιAR x) (ιAR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιL x) (ιL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιR x) (ιR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιTL : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιTL x) (ιTL y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hιTR : ∀ x y : X, dist (ιTR x) (ιTR y) ≤ dist x y)
    (hGALsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιAL '' S ⊆ GmA S)
    (hGARsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιAR '' S ⊆ GmA S)
    (hGLsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιL '' S ⊆ GmL S)
    (hGRsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιR '' S ⊆ GmR S)
    (hGTLsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιTL '' S ⊆ GmTL S)
    (hGTRsub : ∀ S : Set X, ιTR '' S ⊆ GmTR S)
    (hJ0 : ιAL s = ιAR s)
    (hJ1L : ιAL t = ιL s) (hJ1R : ιAR t = ιR s)
    (hJ2L : ιL t = ιTL s) (hJ2R : ιR t = ιTR s)
    (hJ3L : ιTL t = stopPt) (hJ3R : ιTR t = stopPt)
    (hTLt : GmTL {t} = {stopPt}) (hTRt : GmTR {t} = {stopPt})
    (hchA : ∀ (ωa : A.Ω) (i : Fin A.m), A.chunk ωa i ≠ [])
    (hchL : ∀ (ωl : BL.Ω) (i : Fin BL.m), BL.chunk ωl i ≠ [])
    (hchR : ∀ (ωr : BR.Ω) (i : Fin BR.m), BR.chunk ωr i ≠ [])
    (hchC : ∀ (ωc : CC.Ω) (i : Fin CC.m), CC.chunk ωc i ≠ [])
    {sep J p' : ℝ}
    (hpe0 : 0 ≤ pe) (hpe : pe ≤ p') (hsep0 : 0 < sep)
    (hdiam : ∀ x₁ x₂ : X, dist x₁ x₂ ≤ J) (harith : J + pe ≤ sep)
    (hsepLR : ∀ SL SR : Set X, ∀ y ∈ GmL SL,
      ∀ z ∈ GmR SR, sep ≤ dist y z)
    (hdicho : ∀ z : Y,
      (z ∈ GmA ({t} : Set X) ∨ (∃ S, z ∈ GmL S) ∨ (∃ S, z ∈ GmR S)) →
      (∀ S' : Set X, ∀ p ∈ GmR S', sep ≤ dist z p)
      ∨ (∀ S' : Set X, ∀ p ∈ GmL S', sep ≤ dist z p))
    (h0A : ∀ a b : A.Ω, A.hist 0 a = A.hist 0 b)
    (h0L : ∀ a b : BL.Ω, BL.hist 0 a = BL.hist 0 b)
    (h0R : ∀ a b : BR.Ω, BR.hist 0 a = BR.hist 0 b)
    (hcB : 0 ≤ cB)
    (hd3 : 3 * dist s t ≤ dist (ιAL s) stopPt)
    {Trace Vrace : ℝ} {mLo' : ℕ} (hmLo : mLo' ≤ mrace A BL BR CC κ)
    (htot : Trace ≤ ∑ ω : RΩ A BL BR CC κ, RP A BL BR CC κ ε ω
      * ∑ i : Fin (mrace A BL BR CC κ), rsize A BL BR CC κ ε ω (i : ℕ))
    (hvar : ∑ ω : RΩ A BL BR CC κ, RP A BL BR CC κ ε ω
        * ((∑ i : Fin (mrace A BL BR CC κ), rsize A BL BR CC κ ε ω (i : ℕ))
          - ∑ ω' : RΩ A BL BR CC κ, RP A BL BR CC κ ε ω'
            * ∑ i : Fin (mrace A BL BR CC κ),
              rsize A BL BR CC κ ε ω' (i : ℕ)) ^ 2 ≤ Vrace) :
    ∃ C' : ChunkSystemB Y (ιAL s) stopPt 0 cB Trace p' mLo',
      (∀ ω₁ ω₂ : C'.Ω, C'.hist 0 ω₁ = C'.hist 0 ω₂) ∧
      (∑ ω, C'.P ω * ((∑ i, C'.size ω i)
          - ∑ ω', C'.P ω' * (∑ i, C'.size ω' i)) ^ 2 ≤ Vrace) ∧
      (∀ (ω : C'.Ω) (i : Fin C'.m), C'.chunk ω i ≠ []) := by
  refine ⟨{
    Ω := RΩ A BL BR CC κ
    instFin := inferInstance
    instDec := inferInstance
    P := RP A BL BR CC κ ε
    m := mrace A BL BR CC κ
    hist := fun r ω => rhist2 A BL BR CC κ ω r
    chunk := fun ω i =>
      rchunk A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ω (i : ℕ)
    size := fun ω i => rsize A BL BR CC κ ε ω (i : ℕ)
    hP := RP_pos A BL BR CC κ ε hε
    hPsum := RP_sum A BL BR CC κ ε hε
    hm := hmLo
    hm0 := by
      have := A.hm0
      unfold mrace
      omega
    href := fun i j hij ω ω' h =>
      rhist2_refine A BL BR CC κ hκL hκR hij ω ω' h
    hadapt := fun i ω ω' h =>
      rchunk_adapt A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ hκL hκR
        ω ω' h
    hsmeas := fun i ω ω' h =>
      rsize_smeas A BL BR CC κ ε hκL hκR h0L h0R ω ω' h
    hne := fun ω i =>
      race_ne A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ
        hGneA hGneL hGneR hGneTL hGneTR ω (i : ℕ)
    hlast := fun ω =>
      race_last A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ hTLt hTRt ω
    hopt := fun ω => le_trans
      (race_opt2 A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ hκL hκR
        ιAL ιAR ιL ιR ιTL ιTR hιAL hιAR hιL hιR hιTL hιTR
        hGALsub hGARsub hGLsub hGRsub hGTLsub hGTRsub
        hJ0 hJ1L hJ1R hJ2L hJ2R hJ3L hJ3R ω) hd3
    hsize := fun ω i =>
      rsize_bounds A BL BR CC κ ε hε hcB ω (i : ℕ)
    hcost := fun i ω₀ E bail =>
      race_hcost A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ ε hε hκL hκR
        πA πL πR πTL πTR hπA hπL hπR hπTL hπTR hGA hGL hGR hGTL hGTR
        hGneA hGneL hGneR hGneTL hGneTR hchA hchL hchR hchC
        hpe0 hpe hsep0 hdiam harith hsepLR hdicho h0L h0R ω₀ E bail
    htotal := htot }, ?_, ?_, ?_⟩
  · intro ω₁ ω₂
    show rhist2 A BL BR CC κ ω₁ 0 = rhist2 A BL BR CC κ ω₂ 0
    rw [rhist2_le_A A BL BR CC κ ω₁ (by omega),
      rhist2_le_A A BL BR CC κ ω₂ (by omega), h0A ω₁.1 ω₂.1]
  · exact hvar
  · intro ω i
    exact rchunk_ne_nil A BL BR CC GmA GmL GmR GmTL GmTR stopPt κ
      hκL hκR hchA hchL hchR hchC ω i.isLt

end RaceSystem2

end Race

end KServer
Source
BCR randomized k-server lower bound, race construction

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