Hyperbolicity of the maximal invariant set of a transverse plug gluing, given one metric, uniqueness of integral curves and C¹ local flows
OpenAnosovPlugs.plugGluing_hyperbolic_of_pieces_of_flowsLet and be plugs: compact Hausdorff smooth 3-manifolds with boundary carrying nonsingular C¹ vector fields transverse to the boundary. Let and be unions of connected components of the exit and entrance boundaries, and let be a C¹ diffeomorphism (the mission's IsBoundaryDiffeo). Let be a plug gluing (the mission's IsPlugGluing): is a compact Hausdorff smooth 3-manifold with boundary, and are C¹ embeddings with injective derivatives whose images cover and meet exactly along the seam , , and is the vector field on with and . The field is not assumed to be C¹. Assume in addition that and are hyperbolic plugs (their maximal invariant sets , are hyperbolic sets), and that the gluing is transverse: at every point the pushed exit leaf and the entrance leaf of through are transverse curves in (the mission's CurvesTransverseAt), where and are the exit and entrance laminations. A set is a hyperbolic set of a vector field (the mission's IsHyperbolicSet X Λ) if there are a continuous Riemannian metric , line fields , on and constants , such that at every : , the two line fields are invariant under the derivatives of the time- maps of the flow of for all , and for , , and for , . The time- map is the mission's flowMap X t, which sends to for a chosen integral curve of on with when one exists, and to otherwise. Assume the maximal invariant set of is described (the hypothesis hΛ, proved in the mission as plugGluing_maxInvSet_subset and plugGluing_maxInvSet_superset):
Assume further the following. Each is the conclusion of another mission theorem, applied to the data above:
- (one metric for both pieces) a continuous Riemannian metric on together with line fields and constants, separately for each piece, that make and hyperbolic sets of with respect to this same (
isHyperbolicSet_of_metricapplied toplugGluing_pieces_hyperbolic); - (uniqueness) integral curves of on are determined by their starting point, for every (
plugGluing_integralCurveOn_unique); - (C¹ local flows) at every interior point of the field has a local flow that is jointly C¹ in the initial point and the time, with the uniqueness clause of
exists_localFlow_contMDiff_of_isInteriorPoint, and likewise for on . Then the whole maximal invariant set is hyperbolic:
In words: this is the fifth sentence of the paper's proof of Proposition 1.1, which says that, by a classical consequence of the hyperbolic theory, the orbit of inherits a hyperbolic structure, with the paper's description of the bundles at a connecting point : the stable bundle is and the unstable bundle is , pushed into by . The expected proof: by hypothesis 2 the time- maps of along a connecting orbit are given by that orbit, and the two pieces are flow invariant; the time- maps are C¹ along the connecting orbits: hypothesis 3 covers the interior of each piece, and near the seam a C¹ flow up to the boundary and the transversality of to give a C¹ hitting time; the hyperbolic structures of the two pieces extend to cone fields on neighbourhoods; an unstable cone transported from along a connecting orbit crosses the seam and, by the transversality hypothesis, lands inside the unstable cone of after a bounded transit time; the cone-field criterion with uniform constants (compactness of and of the set of connecting points) gives the invariant splitting on all of ; the unstable estimate is the same argument for .
Formalization Note This theorem is the target plugGluing_hyperbolic_of_pieces with three added hypotheses, each the verbatim conclusion of a mission theorem: hypothesis 1 is the conclusion of isHyperbolicSet_of_metric (the body of IsHyperbolicSet with the metric fixed to ), hypothesis 2 is the conclusion of plugGluing_integralCurveOn_unique, and hypothesis 3 is the conclusion of exists_localFlow_contMDiff_of_isInteriorPoint, quantified over interior points of and of . This theorem is now reduced to two companion theorems: plugGluing_flowMap_contMDiffOn (the C¹ regularity of the time- maps of near its maximal invariant set, also across the seam, which is proved) and plugGluing_hyperbolic_of_pieces_of_regularity (the hyperbolic theory of transverse heteroclinic connections: cone fields, their transport across the seam, and uniform constants, which is open). Hypothesis 3 gives only local flows at interior points; the regularity across the seam is proved separately in plugGluing_localSteps_seam. Mathlib (at the pinned version) has no hyperbolic theory. The paper's description of the bundles at connecting points is not asserted, because IsHyperbolicSet is existential in the bundles. The field is not assumed C¹; the time- map flowMap Z t is junk-valued where no integral curve exists.
import Mathlib import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology open Set
namespace AnosovPlugs
theorem plugGluing_hyperbolic_of_pieces_of_flows
{U : Type} [TopologicalSpace U] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) U]
[IsManifold I3 ∞ U] [T2Space U] [CompactSpace U]
{V : Type} [TopologicalSpace V] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) V]
[IsManifold I3 ∞ V] [T2Space V] [CompactSpace V]
{W : Type} [TopologicalSpace W] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) W]
[IsManifold I3 ∞ W] [T2Space W] [CompactSpace W]
(X : (x : U) → TangentSpace I3 x) (Y : (y : V) → TangentSpace I3 y)
(hX : IsHyperbolicPlug X) (hY : IsHyperbolicPlug Y)
(Tout : Set U) (Tin : Set V) (hTout : IsUnionOfComponents Tout (outBoundary X))
(hTin : IsUnionOfComponents Tin (inBoundary Y)) (φ : U → V)
(hφ : IsBoundaryDiffeo φ Tout Tin)
(htransv : ∀ p ∈ φ '' (exitLamination X ∩ Tout) ∩ entranceLamination Y,
CurvesTransverseAt (pushLeaf φ Tout (exitLeaf X) p) (entranceLeaf Y p) p)
(Z : (w : W) → TangentSpace I3 w) (iU : U → W) (iV : V → W)
(hglue : IsPlugGluing X Y Tout φ Z iU iV)
(hΛ : maxInvSet Z = iU '' maxInvSet X ∪ iV '' maxInvSet Y ∪
{w | ∃ x ∈ exitLamination X ∩ Tout, φ x ∈ entranceLamination Y ∧
∃ γ : ℝ → W, γ 0 = iU x ∧ IsMIntegralCurve γ Z ∧ w ∈ range γ})
(g : RiemannianMetric3 W)
(hU : ∃ (Es Eu : (x : W) → Submodule ℝ (TangentSpace I3 x)) (C lam : ℝ), 0 < C ∧ 0 < lam ∧
∀ x ∈ iU '' maxInvSet X,
Module.finrank ℝ (Es x) = 1 ∧ Module.finrank ℝ (Eu x) = 1 ∧
Es x ⊔ Submodule.span ℝ {Z x} ⊔ Eu x = ⊤ ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, (Es x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x).toLinearMap = Es (flowMap Z t x)) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, (Eu x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x).toLinearMap = Eu (flowMap Z t x)) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Es x,
g.norm (flowMap Z t x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x v)
≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Eu x,
g.norm (flowMap Z (-t) x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z (-t)) x v)
≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v))
(hV : ∃ (Es Eu : (x : W) → Submodule ℝ (TangentSpace I3 x)) (C lam : ℝ), 0 < C ∧ 0 < lam ∧
∀ x ∈ iV '' maxInvSet Y,
Module.finrank ℝ (Es x) = 1 ∧ Module.finrank ℝ (Eu x) = 1 ∧
Es x ⊔ Submodule.span ℝ {Z x} ⊔ Eu x = ⊤ ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, (Es x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x).toLinearMap = Es (flowMap Z t x)) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, (Eu x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x).toLinearMap = Eu (flowMap Z t x)) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Es x,
g.norm (flowMap Z t x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z t) x v)
≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v) ∧
(∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Eu x,
g.norm (flowMap Z (-t) x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap Z (-t)) x v)
≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v))
(huniq : ∀ (γ γ' : ℝ → W) (t : ℝ), IsMIntegralCurveOn γ Z (uIcc 0 t) → IsMIntegralCurveOn γ' Z (uIcc 0 t) →
γ' 0 = γ 0 → ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, γ' s = γ s)
(hflowX : ∀ x₀ : U, I3.IsInteriorPoint x₀ →
∃ ε > (0 : ℝ), ∃ O : Set U, IsOpen O ∧ x₀ ∈ O ∧ ∃ α : U → ℝ → U,
(∀ y ∈ O, α y 0 = y ∧ IsMIntegralCurveOn (α y) X (Icc (-ε) ε) ∧
∀ τ ∈ Icc (-ε) ε, I3.IsInteriorPoint (α y τ)) ∧
ContMDiffOn (I3.prod 𝓘(ℝ, ℝ)) I3 1 (fun p : U × ℝ => α p.1 p.2) (O ×ˢ Ioo (-ε) ε) ∧
(∀ y ∈ O, ∀ h : ℝ, |h| ≤ ε → ∀ η : ℝ → U, η 0 = y →
IsMIntegralCurveOn η X (uIcc 0 h) → (∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, η τ ∈ O) →
∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, η τ = α y τ))
(hflowY : ∀ y₀ : V, I3.IsInteriorPoint y₀ →
∃ ε > (0 : ℝ), ∃ O : Set V, IsOpen O ∧ y₀ ∈ O ∧ ∃ α : V → ℝ → V,
(∀ y ∈ O, α y 0 = y ∧ IsMIntegralCurveOn (α y) Y (Icc (-ε) ε) ∧
∀ τ ∈ Icc (-ε) ε, I3.IsInteriorPoint (α y τ)) ∧
ContMDiffOn (I3.prod 𝓘(ℝ, ℝ)) I3 1 (fun p : V × ℝ => α p.1 p.2) (O ×ˢ Ioo (-ε) ε) ∧
(∀ y ∈ O, ∀ h : ℝ, |h| ≤ ε → ∀ η : ℝ → V, η 0 = y →
IsMIntegralCurveOn η Y (uIcc 0 h) → (∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, η τ ∈ O) →
∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, η τ = α y τ)) :
IsHyperbolicSet Z (maxInvSet Z) := by sorry
end AnosovPlugs