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Unique valuation ring over a totally ramified layer

Proved
existsUnique_valuationSubring_of_pow_eq_mul

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let RRR be a discrete valuation ring (a commutative domain that is a discrete valuation ring in the Mathlib sense) with fraction field KKK, and let LLL be a finite separable extension of KKK, regarded as an RRR-algebra compatibly with KKK (a scalar tower R→K→LR \to K \to LR→K→L). Let nnn be a natural number with 0<n0 < n0<n and finrank⁡KL≤n\operatorname{finrank}_K L \le nfinrankK​L≤n, let π∈R\pi \in Rπ∈R be irreducible, let u,v∈Lu, v \in Lu,v∈L satisfy uv=1uv = 1uv=1 with both uuu and vvv integral over RRR, and let ϖ∈L\varpi \in Lϖ∈L satisfy ϖ n=πu\varpi^{\,n} = \pi uϖn=πu (the image of π\piπ under R→LR \to LR→L times uuu). The conclusion is twofold: first, finrank⁡KL=n\operatorname{finrank}_K L = nfinrankK​L=n; second, there is a valuation subring W⊆LW \subseteq LW⊆L whose elements include all images of elements of RRR, such that the image of every element of the maximal ideal of RRR lies in the maximal ideal of WWW, WWW is a discrete valuation ring, ϖ∈W\varpi \in Wϖ∈W and the maximal ideal of WWW is the principal ideal generated by ϖ\varpiϖ, every w∈Ww \in Ww∈W is congruent modulo the maximal ideal of WWW to the image of some element of RRR, an element k∈Kk \in Kk∈K has its image in WWW precisely when kkk lies in the image of RRR, and any valuation subring W′W'W′ of LLL containing the image of RRR and carrying the maximal ideal of RRR into its own maximal ideal equals WWW.

This is the statement that a layer generated by an nnn-th root of a uniformiser, up to a unit of the integral closure, is totally ramified of degree exactly nnn over RRR, with a unique valuation ring of LLL lying over the valuation ring RRR, residue field unchanged and ϖ\varpiϖ as uniformiser. It is used in the analysis of valuation subrings of function fields, in particular to identify the constants subring in a tower and to compare valuation subrings attached to the ends of an annulus.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

open IsLocalRing Module
Formal statement
theorem existsUnique_valuationSubring_of_pow_eq_mul
    (R : Type*) [CommRing R] [IsDomain R] [IsDiscreteValuationRing R]
    (K : Type*) [Field K] [Algebra R K] [IsFractionRing R K]
    (L : Type*) [Field L] [Algebra K L] [FiniteDimensional K L] [Algebra.IsSeparable K L]
    [Algebra R L] [IsScalarTower R K L]
    (n : ℕ) (hn0 : 0 < n) (hn : finrank K L ≤ n)
    (π : R) (hπ : Irreducible π) (u v : L) (huv : u * v = 1) (hu : IsIntegral R u) (hv : IsIntegral R v)
    (ϖ : L) (hϖ : ϖ ^ n = algebraMap R L π * u) :
    finrank K L = n ∧
    ∃ (W : ValuationSubring L) (hRW : ∀ r : R, algebraMap R L r ∈ W),
      (∀ r ∈ maximalIdeal R, (⟨algebraMap R L r, hRW r⟩ : ↥W) ∈ maximalIdeal ↥W) ∧
      IsDiscreteValuationRing ↥W ∧
      (∃ hϖW : ϖ ∈ W, maximalIdeal ↥W = Ideal.span {(⟨ϖ, hϖW⟩ : ↥W)}) ∧
      (∀ w : ↥W, ∃ r : R, w - ⟨algebraMap R L r, hRW r⟩ ∈ maximalIdeal ↥W) ∧
      (∀ k : K, algebraMap K L k ∈ W ↔ ∃ r : R, algebraMap R K r = k) ∧
      (∀ (W' : ValuationSubring L) (hRW' : ∀ r : R, algebraMap R L r ∈ W'),
        (∀ r ∈ maximalIdeal R, (⟨algebraMap R L r, hRW' r⟩ : ↥W') ∈ maximalIdeal ↥W') → W' = W) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_existsUnique_valuationSubring_of_pow_eq_mul.lean

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