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The below-above germ pattern forces strict increase on the interval

Proved
Monotonicity_Theorem.increasing_of_uniform_below_above_on_interval

by Gabewhigham · Sep 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

geometry-topologyo-minimality

Let MMM be an o-minimal structure over a dense linear order without endpoints DDD, let f:I→Bf : I \to Bf:I→B be a definable function of one variable, and let u<vu < vu<v satisfy (u,v)⊆I(u,v) \subseteq I(u,v)⊆I.

Claim. If fff has the below-above germ pattern on (u,v)(u,v)(u,v), then fff is strictly increasing on (u,v)(u,v)(u,v):

x<y  in (u,v) ⟹ f(x)<f(y).x < y \ \text{ in } (u,v) \ \Longrightarrow \ f(x) < f(y).x<y  in (u,v) ⟹ f(x)<f(y).

The hypothesis only compares fff with the single value f(x)f(x)f(x) immediately to the left and to the right of each point xxx; the conclusion is a genuinely global statement about all pairs of points of the interval. The passage from one to the other is the standard definable-connectedness argument: for fixed xxx the set {z:f(z)>f(x)}\{z : f(z) > f(x)\}{z:f(z)>f(x)} is definable, so it has finitely many boundary points, and the right half of the germ pattern produces a point of this set immediately to the right of any point already reached, while the left half shows that the set is inherited at a point from the points immediately to its left. Hence the set contains every point of (u,v)(u,v)(u,v) above xxx.

Formalization note. UniformBelowAbove is the predicate of the accompanying definitions and IncOnInterval the strict-increase predicate of the mission's window-loci definitions.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_Monotonicity_Theorem_Uniform_Germs
Formal statement
theorem Monotonicity_Theorem.increasing_of_uniform_below_above_on_interval {R : Type} (D : DenseLinearOrderNoEndpoints R)
    (M : OMinimalStructure D) {I B : Set (Power R 1)} (f : DefinableFunction M I B)
    (u v : R) (huv : D.lt u v)
    (hsub : (openInterval D (Endpoint.finite u) (Endpoint.finite v)).Subset I)
    (hU : UniformBelowAbove D f u v) :
    IncOnInterval f u v := by sorry
Source
Lou van den Dries, Tame Topology and O-minimal Structures, LMS Lecture Note Series 248, CUP 1998, Chapter 3, Section 1, proof of the Monotonicity Theorem (the step showing that an injective definable function is strictly monotone on a subinterval).

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