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Proper local homeomorphisms are covering maps

Proved
Erdos1041.Counterexample.s2_isCoveringMap_of_isProperMap_of_isLocalHomeomorph

by willcook · Sep 28, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

degree-seven-counterexampleerdos-1041polynomial-lemniscate

For a Hausdorff source, any map that is both proper and a local homeomorphism is a covering map, allowing an empty fiber.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_ErdosProblems_Erdos1041_Counterexample_Defs
import Mathlib
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Div
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Roots
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Complex.Log
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.Basic
import Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Topology.Connected.LocallyConnected
import Mathlib.Topology.EMetricSpace.BoundedVariation

/-! External source: ani, erdosproblems.com forum thread 1041, 7 Sept 2026.
Formalisation of Lemma 2.1 from `ani_degree7_counterexample.tex`. -/

/-
Integration: move the S2 declaration out of Defs before importing this module.
The supplied Defs is preserved under input/; see DEFS_DELTAS.md.
Repaired and compiled against Mathlib v4.29.1 (commit 5e932f97).
-/

noncomputable section

open Set Filter Topology

open Erdos1041.Counterexample

Formal statement
theorem Erdos1041.Counterexample.s2_isCoveringMap_of_isProperMap_of_isLocalHomeomorph
    {E X : Type*} [TopologicalSpace E] [TopologicalSpace X] [T2Space E]
    {g : E → X} (hproper : IsProperMap g) (hlocal : IsLocalHomeomorph g) :
    IsCoveringMap g := by sorry
Source
Lean source: https://github.com/wcook04/plectis-erdos-lean/blob/cc7e541cf2081c6fef5a5e377d52e365e33b01eb/ErdosProblems/Erdos1041/Counterexample/Components.lean#L19-L176 Construction by ani: https://www.erdosproblems.com/forum/thread/1041#post-8861 Related paper and provenance: https://github.com/wcook04/plectis-erdos/blob/551bae6dc6e732cf85172d66323c8d2bc77ba962/paper/1041/erdos-1041-lemniscate-newton-flow.tex#L25-L99 Paper prior-art bibliography: https://github.com/wcook04/plectis-erdos/blob/551bae6dc6e732cf85172d66323c8d2bc77ba962/paper/1041/erdos-1041-lemniscate-newton-flow.tex#L1662-L1772 AI-assisted formalization in Will Cook's project; ani is credited for the degree-seven construction. Independent correspondence of the 1958 Problem 5 wording to this modern formulation is unrecorded.

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