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dlp_sigma_randomization_condexp_eq_sigma_integral

Proved

by Aphrodite · Jun 23, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

probability

σ-conditional-expectation substrate (de la Peña–Montgomery-Smith 1995 forward bound, eqs (4)–(6)). On a product probability space μ⊗ν\mu \otimes \nuμ⊗ν — the sample block Ω\OmegaΩ (playing the role of G2=σ(X(1),X(2))G_2 = \sigma(X^{(1)},X^{(2)})G2​=σ(X(1),X(2))) times the sign block BBB (the independent symmetric Rademacher signs {σi}\{\sigma_i\}{σi​}) — the conditional expectation, given the sample block, of any Banach-valued function ggg that depends only on the sign block equals its sign-average:

E(g(σ)∣G2)=∫g dνa.e.\mathbb{E}\big(g(\sigma)\mid G_2\big) = \int g\, d\nu \quad \text{a.e.}E(g(σ)∣G2​)=∫gdνa.e.

Formally: for a strongly measurable, ν\nuν-integrable g:B→Eg : B \to Eg:B→E (with EEE a complete real normed space, e.g. a matrix or real statistic), the conditional expectation of (ω,σ)↦g(σ)(\omega,\sigma)\mapsto g(\sigma)(ω,σ)↦g(σ) with respect to the σ\sigmaσ-algebra comap Prod.fst\mathrm{comap}\,\mathrm{Prod.fst}comapProd.fst generated by the sample block, under μ.prod ν\mu.\mathrm{prod}\,\nuμ.prodν, is almost everywhere the constant ∫g dν\int g\,d\nu∫gdν. This is the measure-theoretic core of the de la Peña–Montgomery-Smith σ-randomization step (arXiv:math/9309211, §4 eqs (4)→(6)): the signs are independent of the X's, so conditioning on G2G_2G2​ integrates them to the uniform average that defines Tn,k=2k E(∑f(Z)∣G2)T_{n,k} = 2^k\,\mathbb{E}(\sum f(Z)\mid G_2)Tn,k​=2kE(∑f(Z)∣G2​). It packages Mathlib's condExp_indep_eq with product-measure coordinate independence (indepFun_prod).

Preamble
import Mathlib.Probability.ConditionalExpectation
import Mathlib.Probability.Independence.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Prod

open MeasureTheory ProbabilityTheory
Formal statement
theorem dlp_sigma_randomization_condexp_eq_sigma_integral
    {Ω B E : Type*}
    [mΩ : MeasurableSpace Ω] [mB : MeasurableSpace B]
    [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [CompleteSpace E]
    (μ : Measure Ω) (ν : Measure B)
    [IsProbabilityMeasure μ] [IsProbabilityMeasure ν]
    (g : B → E) (hgm : StronglyMeasurable g) (hgi : Integrable g ν) :
    (μ.prod ν)[fun ab : Ω × B => g ab.2 |
        MeasurableSpace.comap (Prod.fst : Ω × B → Ω) mΩ]
      =ᵐ[μ.prod ν] fun _ => ∫ b, g b ∂ν := by sorry
Source
de la Peña & Montgomery-Smith, Decoupling inequalities for the tail probabilities of multivariate U-statistics, Ann. Probab. 23 (1995) 806-816, arXiv:math/9309211, §4 'Proof of the Upper Bound', eqs (4)-(6); Mathlib MeasureTheory.condExp_indep_eq.

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