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L′/L(s,χ)≪log⁡2q(∣t∣+2)L'/L(s,\chi)\ll\log^2 q(|t|+2)L′/L(s,χ)≪log2q(∣t∣+2) in the zero-free region, after removing the poles at 111 and at the exceptional zero (Davenport §§16, 19)

Proved
Davenport.logDeriv_LFunction_region_bound

by alya · Sep 3, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

analytic-number-theorydirichlet-l-functionnumber-theorysiegel-walfiszthree-primes

The logarithmic derivative of L(s,χ)L(s,\chi)L(s,χ) is O(log⁡2q(∣t∣+2))O(\log^2 q(|t|+2))O(log2q(∣t∣+2)) in a zero-free region, once its polar parts are removed. Fix a region constant c>0c>0c>0. There is a constant C>0C>0C>0, depending only on ccc, such that for every modulus q≥1q\ge1q≥1, every Dirichlet character χ\chiχ modulo qqq and every exceptional set EEE for χ\chiχ with respect to ccc (IsExceptionalSet c χ E: EEE has at most one element; each element is a real zero β∈(0,1)\beta\in(0,1)β∈(0,1) of L(⋅,χ)L(\cdot,\chi)L(⋅,χ) lying in the region σ≥1−c/log⁡(q(∣t∣+2))\sigma\ge1-c/\log(q(|t|+2))σ≥1−c/log(q(∣t∣+2)), and can exist only if χ\chiχ is quadratic and non-principal; and L(s,χ)≠0L(s,\chi)\ne0L(s,χ)=0 at every s≠1s\ne1s=1 of that region outside EEE) the following two statements hold.

  1. The exceptional zero has small multiplicity: for every β∈E\beta\in Eβ∈E, the order mβm_\betamβ​ of the zero of L(⋅,χ)L(\cdot,\chi)L(⋅,χ) at β\betaβ satisfies mβ≤Clog⁡(2q)m_\beta\le C\log(2q)mβ​≤Clog(2q).

  2. Bound in the quarter-region. For every complex s=σ+its=\sigma+its=σ+it with

σ  ≥  1−c/4log⁡(q(∣t∣+2)),σ≥34,s≠1,s∉E,\sigma\;\ge\;1-\frac{c/4}{\log\bigl(q(|t|+2)\bigr)},\qquad \sigma\ge\tfrac34,\qquad s\ne1,\qquad s\notin E,σ≥1−log(q(∣t∣+2))c/4​,σ≥43​,s=1,s∈/E,

one has

∣  L′L(s,χ)  +  δχs−1  −  ∑β∈Emβs−β  ∣  ≤  C log⁡2(q(∣t∣+2)),\Bigl|\;\frac{L'}{L}(s,\chi)\;+\;\frac{\delta_\chi}{s-1}\;-\;\sum_{\beta\in E}\frac{m_\beta}{s-\beta}\;\Bigr|\;\le\;C\,\log^2\bigl(q(|t|+2)\bigr),​LL′​(s,χ)+s−1δχ​​−β∈E∑​s−βmβ​​​≤Clog2(q(∣t∣+2)),

where δχ=1\delta_\chi=1δχ​=1 if χ\chiχ is the principal character and δχ=0\delta_\chi=0δχ​=0 otherwise.

In words: inside the (slightly shrunken) zero-free region, L′/L(s,χ)L'/L(s,\chi)L′/L(s,χ) equals the sum of its polar parts — −1/(s−1)-1/(s-1)−1/(s−1) from the pole of L(s,χ0)L(s,\chi_0)L(s,χ0​) at s=1s=1s=1, and mβ/(s−β)m_\beta/(s-\beta)mβ​/(s−β) from the exceptional zero — plus a remainder that is uniformly O(log⁡2q(∣t∣+2))O(\log^2 q(|t|+2))O(log2q(∣t∣+2)). This is the estimate Davenport uses in §§19–20 for the integrals over the shifted contour: it comes from the local partial-fraction expansion L′L(s,χ)=∑∣ρ−s0∣≤3/2mρs−ρ+O(log⁡q(∣t∣+2))\frac{L'}{L}(s,\chi)=\sum_{|\rho-s_0|\le3/2}\frac{m_\rho}{s-\rho}+O(\log q(|t|+2))LL′​(s,χ)=∑∣ρ−s0​∣≤3/2​s−ρmρ​​+O(logq(∣t∣+2)) (§16), since every zero other than β\betaβ lies outside the region, so ∣s−ρ∣≫1/log⁡q(∣t∣+2)|s-\rho|\gg1/\log q(|t|+2)∣s−ρ∣≫1/logq(∣t∣+2) for sss in the quarter-region, and there are only O(log⁡q(∣t∣+2))O(\log q(|t|+2))O(logq(∣t∣+2)) such ρ\rhoρ. For the principal character one uses L(s,χ0)=ζ(s)∏p∣q(1−p−s)L(s,\chi_0)=\zeta(s)\prod_{p\mid q}(1-p^{-s})L(s,χ0​)=ζ(s)∏p∣q​(1−p−s), whose finite product contributes O(log⁡q)O(\log q)O(logq) to the logarithmic derivative for σ≥3/4\sigma\ge3/4σ≥3/4, and the corresponding bound for ζ′/ζ+1/(s−1)\zeta'/\zeta+1/(s-1)ζ′/ζ+1/(s−1) in a zero-free region of ζ\zetaζ.

The region constant is a free parameter (as in Davenport.psi_char_of_region) so that the theorem is independent of the specific constant produced by the §14 zero-free-region theorem; for large ccc the hypothesis may be unsatisfiable, which makes the statement vacuous there, not false. The restriction σ≥3/4\sigma\ge3/4σ≥3/4 keeps everything inside the half-plane where the growth bound L(s,χ)≪q∣s∣L(s,\chi)\ll q|s|L(s,χ)≪q∣s∣ and the partial-fraction expansion are available without the functional equation; the contour arguments of §§19–20 only ever use σ≥1−c′/log⁡(qT)\sigma\ge 1-c'/\log(qT)σ≥1−c′/log(qT) with c′c'c′ small.

Formalization Note. InRegion (c/4) q s unfolds to 1−c/4log⁡(q(∣Im⁡s∣+2))≤Re⁡s1-\frac{c/4}{\log(q(|\operatorname{Im}s|+2))}\le\operatorname{Re}s1−log(q(∣Ims∣+2))c/4​≤Res; analyticOrderNatAt (LFunction χ) z is the order mzm_zmz​ of the zero; the sum over EEE is a finite sum over the (at most one-element) set EEE (∑ᶠ); the if χ = 1 then 1/(s-1) else 0 term is δχ/(s−1)\delta_\chi/(s-1)δχ​/(s−1). Both conclusions are stated with a single constant CCC for convenience.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_Davenport_siegelWalfisz
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.DirichletContinuation
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.Basic
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.DirichletCharacter.Basic
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.ArithmeticFunction.VonMangoldt
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.Chebyshev
import Mathlib.Analysis.Analytic.Order
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Complex.LogDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Complex
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Exp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Finprod
import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Totient

open Finset DirichletCharacter Vino
Formal statement
namespace Davenport

open Classical in
theorem logDeriv_LFunction_region_bound (c : ℝ) (hc : 0 < c) :
    ∃ C : ℝ, 0 < C ∧
      ∀ (q : ℕ) [NeZero q] (χ : DirichletCharacter ℂ q) (E : Set ℂ),
        IsExceptionalSet c χ E →
          (∀ z ∈ E, (analyticOrderNatAt (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) z : ℝ)
              ≤ C * Real.log (2 * q)) ∧
          ∀ s : ℂ, InRegion (c / 4) q s → 3 / 4 ≤ s.re → s ≠ 1 → s ∉ E →
            ‖deriv (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) s / DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ s
                + (if χ = 1 then 1 / (s - 1) else 0)
                - ∑ᶠ z ∈ E, (analyticOrderNatAt (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) z : ℂ) / (s - z)‖
              ≤ C * Real.log ((q : ℝ) * (|s.im| + 2)) ^ 2 := by sorry

end Davenport
Source
H. Davenport, Multiplicative Number Theory, 3rd ed. (revised by H. L. Montgomery), GTM 74, Springer, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5927-3; §16, p. 102 (L′/L(s,χ) = Σ_{|γ−t|<1} 1/(s−ρ) + O(log q(|t|+2)), −1 ≤ σ ≤ 2) combined with §14 (zero-free region with at most one exceptional real zero) and §16 eq. (2) (≪ log q(|t|+2) zeros with |γ−t|<1); the resulting bound L′/L(s,χ) ≪ log² q(|t|+2) in the region is used in §19 (pp. 115–120, in the estimation of the horizontal integrals) and §20 (pp. 121–125); for the principal character, §13 (ζ′/ζ) and §12; cf. Montgomery–Vaughan, Multiplicative Number Theory I, Lemma 11.4 / proof of Theorem 11.16

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