in the zero-free region, after removing the poles at and at the exceptional zero (Davenport §§16, 19)
ProvedDavenport.logDeriv_LFunction_region_boundThe logarithmic derivative of is in a zero-free region, once its polar parts are removed. Fix a region constant . There is a constant , depending only on , such that for every modulus , every Dirichlet character modulo and every exceptional set for with respect to (IsExceptionalSet c χ E: has at most one element; each element is a real zero of lying in the region , and can exist only if is quadratic and non-principal; and at every of that region outside ) the following two statements hold.
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The exceptional zero has small multiplicity: for every , the order of the zero of at satisfies .
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Bound in the quarter-region. For every complex with
one has
where if is the principal character and otherwise.
In words: inside the (slightly shrunken) zero-free region, equals the sum of its polar parts — from the pole of at , and from the exceptional zero — plus a remainder that is uniformly . This is the estimate Davenport uses in §§19–20 for the integrals over the shifted contour: it comes from the local partial-fraction expansion (§16), since every zero other than lies outside the region, so for in the quarter-region, and there are only such . For the principal character one uses , whose finite product contributes to the logarithmic derivative for , and the corresponding bound for in a zero-free region of .
The region constant is a free parameter (as in Davenport.psi_char_of_region) so that the theorem is independent of the specific constant produced by the §14 zero-free-region theorem; for large the hypothesis may be unsatisfiable, which makes the statement vacuous there, not false. The restriction keeps everything inside the half-plane where the growth bound and the partial-fraction expansion are available without the functional equation; the contour arguments of §§19–20 only ever use with small.
Formalization Note. InRegion (c/4) q s unfolds to ; analyticOrderNatAt (LFunction χ) z is the order of the zero; the sum over is a finite sum over the (at most one-element) set (∑ᶠ); the if χ = 1 then 1/(s-1) else 0 term is . Both conclusions are stated with a single constant for convenience.
import Definitions.Def_Davenport_siegelWalfisz import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.DirichletContinuation import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.Basic import Mathlib.NumberTheory.DirichletCharacter.Basic import Mathlib.NumberTheory.ArithmeticFunction.VonMangoldt import Mathlib.NumberTheory.Chebyshev import Mathlib.Analysis.Analytic.Order import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Complex.LogDeriv import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Complex import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Exp import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Finprod import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Totient open Finset DirichletCharacter Vino
namespace Davenport
open Classical in
theorem logDeriv_LFunction_region_bound (c : ℝ) (hc : 0 < c) :
∃ C : ℝ, 0 < C ∧
∀ (q : ℕ) [NeZero q] (χ : DirichletCharacter ℂ q) (E : Set ℂ),
IsExceptionalSet c χ E →
(∀ z ∈ E, (analyticOrderNatAt (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) z : ℝ)
≤ C * Real.log (2 * q)) ∧
∀ s : ℂ, InRegion (c / 4) q s → 3 / 4 ≤ s.re → s ≠ 1 → s ∉ E →
‖deriv (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) s / DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ s
+ (if χ = 1 then 1 / (s - 1) else 0)
- ∑ᶠ z ∈ E, (analyticOrderNatAt (DirichletCharacter.LFunction χ) z : ℂ) / (s - z)‖
≤ C * Real.log ((q : ℝ) * (|s.im| + 2)) ^ 2 := by sorry
end Davenport