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Cohomology classes of full order and restriction to subgroups

Proved
groupCohomology.natCard_eq_and_span_map_eq_top_of_addOrderOf_eq_natCard

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let GGG be a finite group, let XXX be a representation of GGG over Z\mathbb{Z}Z, and let u∈H2(G,X)u \in H^2(G,X)u∈H2(G,X) be a class whose additive order equals #G\#G#G. Assume, for every subgroup S≤GS \le GS≤G (equipped with a finite type structure), that H2(S,X∣S)H^2(S, X|_S)H2(S,X∣S​) is finite and #H2(S,X∣S)≤#S\#H^2(S, X|_S) \le \#S#H2(S,X∣S​)≤#S, where X∣SX|_SX∣S​ denotes the restriction of XXX along the inclusion S↪GS \hookrightarrow GS↪G. Assume further given, for each subgroup S≤GS \le GS≤G, a Z\mathbb{Z}Z-linear map corS ⁣:H2(S,X∣S)→H2(G,X)\mathrm{cor}_S \colon H^2(S, X|_S) \to H^2(G,X)corS​:H2(S,X∣S​)→H2(G,X) such that for all x∈H2(G,X)x \in H^2(G,X)x∈H2(G,X) one has corS(resSx)=[G:S]⋅x\mathrm{cor}_S(\mathrm{res}_S x) = [G:S] \cdot xcorS​(resS​x)=[G:S]⋅x, where resS\mathrm{res}_SresS​ is the map induced on degree-222 cohomology by the inclusion S↪GS \hookrightarrow GS↪G together with the identity of X∣SX|_SX∣S​. The conclusion is twofold: first, #H2(S,X∣S)=#S\#H^2(S, X|_S) = \#S#H2(S,X∣S​)=#S for every subgroup SSS; second, for every subgroup SSS the Z\mathbb{Z}Z-submodule of H2(S,X∣S)H^2(S, X|_S)H2(S,X∣S​) spanned by the single element resSu\mathrm{res}_S uresS​u is the whole module.

This is the standard passage from a degree-two class of full order, an upper bound on the orders of the H2H^2H2 of all subgroups, and a corestriction satisfying corS∘resS=[G:S]\mathrm{cor}_S \circ \mathrm{res}_S = [G:S]corS​∘resS​=[G:S], to the statement that H2(S,X∣S)H^2(S, X|_S)H2(S,X∣S​) is cyclic of order #S\#S#S generated by the restriction of that class — the cohomological shape of a fundamental class. It is used in the construction of fundamental classes for the idele class group, in particular in M4aHerbrand.exists_fundamentalClass_ideleClassGroup and its ppp-group variant.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false
open CategoryTheory
Formal statement
theorem groupCohomology.natCard_eq_and_span_map_eq_top_of_addOrderOf_eq_natCard
    {G : Type} [Group G] [Finite G]
    (X : Rep ℤ G) (u : groupCohomology X 2) (hu : addOrderOf u = Nat.card G)
    (h5 : ∀ (S : Subgroup G) [Fintype S], Finite (groupCohomology (Rep.res S.subtype X) 2) ∧
      Nat.card (groupCohomology (Rep.res S.subtype X) 2) ≤ Fintype.card S)
    (cor : ∀ S : Subgroup G, groupCohomology (Rep.res S.subtype X) 2 →ₗ[ℤ] groupCohomology X 2)
    (hcor : ∀ (S : Subgroup G) (x : groupCohomology X 2),
      cor S ((groupCohomology.map S.subtype (𝟙 (Rep.res S.subtype X)) 2).hom x) = S.index • x) :
    (∀ (S : Subgroup G) [Fintype S], Nat.card (groupCohomology (Rep.res S.subtype X) 2) = Fintype.card S) ∧
    (∀ S : Subgroup G, Submodule.span ℤ
      {(groupCohomology.map S.subtype (𝟙 (Rep.res S.subtype X)) 2).hom u} = ⊤) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_groupCohomology_natCard_eq_and_span_map_eq_top_of_addOrderOf_eq_natCard.lean

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