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Top homology of a closed simply connected nnn-manifold maps isomorphically to Hn(M,M∖{p})H_n(M, M\setminus\{p\})Hn​(M,M∖{p})

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SP4Mission.closed_manifold_top_homology_isIso

by ryanshin · Sep 12, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

algebraic-topologyhomologysp4-foundationstopology

Let MMM be a closed (compact Hausdorff) topological nnn-manifold which is simply connected, and let p∈Mp\in Mp∈M. Then the natural map from the top homology group to the local homology group at ppp,

j∗ ⁣:Hn(M;Z)→ ≅ Hn(M,M∖{p};Z)  ≅  Z,j_*\colon H_n(M;\mathbb Z)\xrightarrow{\ \cong\ }H_n\big(M, M\setminus\{p\};\mathbb Z\big)\;\cong\;\mathbb Z,j∗​:Hn​(M;Z) ≅ ​Hn​(M,M∖{p};Z)≅Z,

is an isomorphism. This is the fundamental-class theorem for closed orientable manifolds (Hatcher, Theorem 3.26(a)): for a closed connected RRR-orientable nnn-manifold the map Hn(M;R)→Hn(M ∣ x;R)≅RH_n(M;R)\to H_n(M\,|\,x;R)\cong RHn​(M;R)→Hn​(M∣x;R)≅R is an isomorphism for every x∈Mx\in Mx∈M, so that Hn(M;Z)≅ZH_n(M;\mathbb Z)\cong\mathbb ZHn​(M;Z)≅Z is generated by a fundamental class restricting to a generator of every local homology group. A simply connected manifold is connected and orientable (Hatcher, Proposition 3.25: MMM is orientable if π1(M)\pi_1(M)π1​(M) has no subgroup of index two), which is why simple connectivity appears as the hypothesis; Mathlib has no notion of orientability. In the mission the statement is applied to a homotopy 444-sphere and, through the long exact sequence of the pair (M,M∖{p})(M,M\setminus\{p\})(M,M∖{p}), gives H4(M∖{p})=0H_4(M\setminus\{p\})=0H4​(M∖{p})=0 and H3(M∖{p})≅H3(M)H_3(M\setminus\{p\})\cong H_3(M)H3​(M∖{p})≅H3​(M).

Formalization Note The pair is given by the inclusion Subtype.val : {x : M // x ≠ p} → M, the map is SP4Homology.toRel n, and the conclusion is Mathlib's IsIso in ModuleCat ℤ. The manifold hypothesis is a topological atlas ChartedSpace (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n)) M with T2Space M and CompactSpace M; the statement holds for all n≥0n\ge0n≥0.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_SP4Sphere
import Definitions.Def_SP4WeakHomotopy
import Definitions.Def_SP4Homology
import Definitions.Def_SP4HomologyMap
import Definitions.Def_SP4RelHomology

set_option autoImplicit false

open scoped Manifold ContDiff
open SP4Mission CategoryTheory Limits
Formal statement
theorem SP4Mission.closed_manifold_top_homology_isIso (n : ℕ) (M : Type) [TopologicalSpace M]
    [T2Space M] [CompactSpace M] [SimplyConnectedSpace M]
    [ChartedSpace (EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin n)) M] (p : M) :
    IsIso (SP4Homology.toRel n
      (⟨Subtype.val, continuous_subtype_val⟩ : C({x : M // x ≠ p}, M))) := by sorry
Source
Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, 2002 (author's edition: https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/AT/AT.pdf), §3.3, Theorem 3.26(a), p. 236: "Let M be a closed connected n-manifold. (a) If M is R-orientable, the map Hₙ(M; R) → Hₙ(M | x; R) ≈ R is an isomorphism for all x ∈ M", with Hₙ(M | x) := Hₙ(M, M − {x}) (p. 234), and Proposition 3.25, p. 234 (a simply-connected manifold is orientable).

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