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A vector field that is C¹ at a point of a finite-dimensional space has a local flow there that is jointly C¹ and unique inside a ball

Proved
AnosovPlugs.exists_localFlow_contDiffOn_of_contDiffAt

by ebayuser · Oct 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let EEE be a finite-dimensional real normed space, let v:E→Ev:E\to Ev:E→E be a map that is of class C¹ at a point z0z_0z0​ (that is, C¹ on a neighbourhood of z0z_0z0​), and let GGG be an open set that contains z0z_0z0​. Then there are ε>0\varepsilon>0ε>0, ρ>0\rho>0ρ>0 and a map αE:E×R→E\alpha_E:E\times\mathbb R\to EαE​:E×R→E (a local flow) such that:

  1. for every zzz in the open ball B(z0,ρ)B(z_0,\rho)B(z0​,ρ): αE(z,0)=z\alpha_E(z,0)=zαE​(z,0)=z, and for every t∈[−ε,ε]t\in[-\varepsilon,\varepsilon]t∈[−ε,ε] the curve s↦αE(z,s)s\mapsto\alpha_E(z,s)s↦αE​(z,s) has derivative v(αE(z,t))v(\alpha_E(z,t))v(αE​(z,t)) at ttt and αE(z,t)∈G\alpha_E(z,t)\in GαE​(z,t)∈G;
  2. αE\alpha_EαE​ is of class C¹ on B(z0,ρ)×(−ε,ε)B(z_0,\rho)\times(-\varepsilon,\varepsilon)B(z0​,ρ)×(−ε,ε);
  3. (uniqueness inside the ball) for every z∈B(z0,ρ)z\in B(z_0,\rho)z∈B(z0​,ρ), every hhh with ∣h∣≤ε|h|\le\varepsilon∣h∣≤ε and every curve f:R→Ef:\mathbb R\to Ef:R→E with f(0)=zf(0)=zf(0)=z that solves f′=v(f)f'=v(f)f′=v(f) on the closed interval between 000 and hhh (derivative within the interval) and stays in B(z0,ρ)B(z_0,\rho)B(z0​,ρ) there, one has
f(τ)=αE(z,τ)for all τ between 0 and h.f(\tau)=\alpha_E(z,\tau)\quad\text{for all } \tau \text{ between } 0 \text{ and } h.f(τ)=αE​(z,τ)for all τ between 0 and h.

In words: near a point where it is C¹, a vector field on a finite-dimensional space has a local flow for a uniform short time that is jointly C¹ in the initial point and the time and is unique among solutions that stay in the ball. A general fact of analysis, not stated in the paper. In this mission it is a step in the proof of the companion theorem exists_localFlow_contMDiff_of_isInteriorPoint. That theorem says that the local flow of a C¹ vector field at an interior point is jointly C¹ in the initial point and the time. The proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1) uses it tacitly. There E=R3E=\mathbb R^3E=R3, vvv is the vector field read in a chart, and GGG is the interior of the chart target; the statement has the shape of the chart-level local flow in the solution of the proved theorem exists_localFlow_of_isInteriorPoint. Joint C¹ regularity replaces continuity in the initial point.

Formalization Note ContDiffAt ℝ 1 v z₀ is Mathlib's pointwise C¹ notion, which gives C¹ on a neighbourhood. Clause 2 is ContDiffOn ℝ 1 αE (Metric.ball z₀ ρ ×ˢ Ioo (-ε) ε). In clause 1 the derivative is two-sided (HasDerivAt) also at t=±εt=\pm\varepsilont=±ε, which holds because the flow exists on a larger interval. Finite dimension is used for a compactly supported cut-off of vvv, which makes the field globally Lipschitz so that the companion theorem exists_flow_contDiffOn_of_lipschitz applies. The closed interval between 000 and hhh is Mathlib's uIcc 0 h.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem exists_localFlow_contDiffOn_of_contDiffAt
    {E : Type} [NormedAddCommGroup E] [NormedSpace ℝ E] [FiniteDimensional ℝ E]
    {v : E → E} {z₀ : E} (hv : ContDiffAt ℝ 1 v z₀) {G : Set E} (hG : IsOpen G) (hz₀ : z₀ ∈ G) :
    ∃ ε > (0 : ℝ), ∃ ρ > (0 : ℝ), ∃ αE : E × ℝ → E,
      (∀ z ∈ Metric.ball z₀ ρ, αE (z, 0) = z ∧ ∀ t ∈ Icc (-ε) ε,
        HasDerivAt (fun s => αE (z, s)) (v (αE (z, t))) t ∧ αE (z, t) ∈ G) ∧
      ContDiffOn ℝ 1 αE (Metric.ball z₀ ρ ×ˢ Ioo (-ε) ε) ∧
      (∀ z ∈ Metric.ball z₀ ρ, ∀ h : ℝ, |h| ≤ ε → ∀ f : ℝ → E, f 0 = z →
        (∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, HasDerivWithinAt f (v (f τ)) (uIcc 0 h) τ) →
        (∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, f τ ∈ Metric.ball z₀ ρ) → ∀ τ ∈ uIcc 0 h, f τ = αE (z, τ)) := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). Textbook ODE theory (local flow with differentiable dependence on initial conditions), not stated in the paper; used tacitly in the proof of Proposition 1.1. Mathlib notions: ContDiffAt, ContDiffOn, HasDerivAt, HasDerivWithinAt, ContDiffBump; companion theorem exists_flow_contDiffOn_of_lipschitz.

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