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On a compact 3-manifold, a hyperbolic set is hyperbolic with respect to every continuous Riemannian metric

Proved
AnosovPlugs.isHyperbolicSet_of_metric

by ebayuser · Oct 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let MMM be a compact smooth 3-manifold with boundary (modelled on the closed half-space), let XXX be a vector field on MMM and let Λ⊆M\Lambda\subseteq MΛ⊆M be a hyperbolic set of XXX. A set Λ⊆M\Lambda\subseteq MΛ⊆M is a hyperbolic set of a vector field XXX (the mission's IsHyperbolicSet X Λ) if there are a continuous Riemannian metric ggg, line fields EsE^sEs, EuE^uEu on Λ\LambdaΛ and constants C>0C>0C>0, λ>0\lambda>0λ>0 such that at every x∈Λx\in\Lambdax∈Λ: Exs⊕RX(x)⊕Exu=TxME^s_x\oplus\mathbb R X(x)\oplus E^u_x=T_xMExs​⊕RX(x)⊕Exu​=Tx​M, the two line fields are invariant under the derivatives of the time-ttt maps ϕt\phi_tϕt​ of the flow of XXX for all t∈Rt\in\mathbb Rt∈R, and ∥Dϕt(v)∥g≤Ce−λt∥v∥g\|D\phi_t(v)\|_g\le C e^{-\lambda t}\|v\|_g∥Dϕt​(v)∥g​≤Ce−λt∥v∥g​ for v∈Exsv\in E^s_xv∈Exs​, t≥0t\ge0t≥0, and ∥Dϕ−t(v)∥g≤Ce−λt∥v∥g\|D\phi_{-t}(v)\|_g\le C e^{-\lambda t}\|v\|_g∥Dϕ−t​(v)∥g​≤Ce−λt∥v∥g​ for v∈Exuv\in E^u_xv∈Exu​, t≥0t\ge0t≥0. The time-ttt map is the mission's flowMap X t, which sends xxx to γ(t)\gamma(t)γ(t) for a chosen integral curve γ\gammaγ of XXX on [0,t][0,t][0,t] with γ(0)=x\gamma(0)=xγ(0)=x when one exists, and to xxx otherwise. A continuous Riemannian metric ggg on a 3-manifold MMM is a continuously varying inner product gxg_xgx​ on the tangent spaces TxMT_xMTx​M (Mathlib's Bundle.ContinuousRiemannianMetric on the tangent bundle; the mission's RiemannianMetric3), with norm ∥v∥g,x=gx(v,v)\|v\|_{g,x}=\sqrt{g_x(v,v)}∥v∥g,x​=gx​(v,v)​. Then for every continuous Riemannian metric ggg on MMM there are line fields Es,EuE^s,E^uEs,Eu and constants C>0C>0C>0, λ>0\lambda>0λ>0 that satisfy the hyperbolicity conditions for Λ\LambdaΛ with respect to ggg:

∀g ∃Es,Eu,C>0,λ>0:Λ is hyperbolic for X with respect to (g,Es,Eu,C,λ).\forall g\ \exists E^s, E^u, C>0, \lambda>0:\quad \Lambda \text{ is hyperbolic for } X \text{ with respect to } (g, E^s, E^u, C, \lambda).∀g ∃Es,Eu,C>0,λ>0:Λ is hyperbolic for X with respect to (g,Es,Eu,C,λ).

In words: on a compact manifold, hyperbolicity of a set does not depend on the choice of the continuous Riemannian metric. Only the constant CCC changes. The proof compares the given metric with ggg along the identity map (companion theorem comparable_of_metrics with i=idi=\mathrm{id}i=id): c1∥v∥g0≤∥v∥g≤c2∥v∥g0c_1\|v\|_{g_0}\le\|v\|_g\le c_2\|v\|_{g_0}c1​∥v∥g0​​≤∥v∥g​≤c2​∥v∥g0​​ for all tangent vectors, and replaces CCC by Cc2/c1C c_2/c_1Cc2​/c1​. It is used in the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14; GT 2017 Section 4.1). The proof of Proposition 1.1 needs the hyperbolic structures of the two pieces iU(ΛX)i_U(\Lambda_X)iU​(ΛX​) and iV(ΛY)i_V(\Lambda_Y)iV​(ΛY​) in one metric. The paper does not state this step.

Formalization Note The conclusion is the body of the mission's IsHyperbolicSet X Λ with the metric fixed to the given ggg instead of existentially quantified; the exponent λ\lambdaλ may be kept. Compactness of MMM is what makes the comparison constants uniform. The norm is the mission's RiemannianMetric3.norm, that is gx(v,v)\sqrt{g_x(v,v)}gx​(v,v)​.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem isHyperbolicSet_of_metric
    {M : Type} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) M] [IsManifold I3 ∞ M]
    [CompactSpace M]
    (X : (x : M) → TangentSpace I3 x) (Λ : Set M) (hΛ : IsHyperbolicSet X Λ)
    (g : RiemannianMetric3 M) :
    ∃ (Es Eu : (x : M) → Submodule ℝ (TangentSpace I3 x)) (C lam : ℝ), 0 < C ∧ 0 < lam ∧
      ∀ x ∈ Λ,
        Module.finrank ℝ (Es x) = 1 ∧ Module.finrank ℝ (Eu x) = 1 ∧
        Es x ⊔ Submodule.span ℝ {X x} ⊔ Eu x = ⊤ ∧
        (∀ t : ℝ, (Es x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap X t) x).toLinearMap = Es (flowMap X t x)) ∧
        (∀ t : ℝ, (Eu x).map (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap X t) x).toLinearMap = Eu (flowMap X t x)) ∧
        (∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Es x,
          g.norm (flowMap X t x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap X t) x v)
            ≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v) ∧
        (∀ t : ℝ, 0 ≤ t → ∀ v ∈ Eu x,
          g.norm (flowMap X (-t) x) (mfderiv I3 I3 (flowMap X (-t)) x v)
            ≤ C * Real.exp (-lam * t) * g.norm x v) := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). General fact (change of the continuous metric on a compact manifold), used tacitly in the proof of Proposition 1.1 (arXiv v1 Section 3.1, GT 2017 Section 4.1). Mission notions: IsHyperbolicSet, RiemannianMetric3, RiemannianMetric3.norm; companion theorem comparable_of_metrics.

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