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Herbrand quotient one: #H¹ = #H² for finite cyclic G

Proved
groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_of_finite

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let GGG be a group in the lowest universe which is finite and cyclic, and let AAA be an object of Rep ℤ G, that is, a Z\mathbb{Z}Z-module carrying a GGG-action, whose underlying type is assumed finite. The conclusion is a threefold conjunction: the first cohomology group H1 A is finite, the second cohomology group H2 A is finite, and their cardinalities agree, Nat.card⁡(H1(G,A))=Nat.card⁡(H2(G,A))\operatorname{Nat.card}(H^1(G,A)) = \operatorname{Nat.card}(H^2(G,A))Nat.card(H1(G,A))=Nat.card(H2(G,A)), where H1 and H2 are Mathlib's group cohomology functors for the representation AAA and Nat.card is the cardinality of a type (with the convention that it is 000 for infinite types, here ruled out by the first two components). No hypothesis beyond finiteness of GGG, cyclicity of GGG and finiteness of the underlying module of AAA is imposed; in particular AAA is not assumed to be a module over a coefficient ring other than Z\mathbb{Z}Z, and no nondegeneracy or torsion-freeness condition appears.

This is the statement that the Herbrand quotient h(A)=#H2(G,A)/#H1(G,A)h(A) = \#H^2(G,A)/\#H^1(G,A)h(A)=#H2(G,A)/#H1(G,A) of a finite module over a finite cyclic group equals 111 (Serre, Local Fields VIII §4). It is used in the project to compare cohomology cardinalities along short exact sequences, being cited by groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_of_shortExact_of_subsingleton_of_finite.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

universe u

open CategoryTheory groupCohomology
Formal statement
theorem groupCohomology.natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_of_finite
    {G : Type} [Group G] [Finite G] [IsCyclic G] (A : Rep ℤ G) [Finite A] :
    Finite (H1 A) ∧ Finite (H2 A) ∧ Nat.card (H1 A) = Nat.card (H2 A) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_groupCohomology_natCard_H1_eq_natCard_H2_of_finite.lean

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