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Dris index at k=5k=5k=5: some prime ℓ≠3\ell\ne 3ℓ=3 dividing p4+p2+1p^4+p^2+1p4+p2+1 divides sss to an odd power

Proved
OddPerfectNumber.five_dris_index_odd_valuation_prime

by vebis · Oct 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

divisor-functionnumber-theory

Let ppp be an odd prime and let m,sm,sm,s be natural numbers with s>0s>0s>0 such that the first Dris relation at exponent k=5k=5k=5,

2m2=σ(p5) s,2m^{2}=\sigma(p^{5})\,s,2m2=σ(p5)s,

holds. Then there is a prime ℓ≠3\ell\neq 3ℓ=3 with

ℓ∣p4+p2+1andvℓ(s) odd.\ell \mid p^{4}+p^{2}+1 \qquad\text{and}\qquad v_\ell(s)\ \text{odd}.ℓ∣p4+p2+1andvℓ​(s) odd.

In particular the Dris index sss is never a power of 333, and it is never coprime to p4+p2+1p^4+p^2+1p4+p2+1 away from the prime 333. Only the first relation is used, not σ(m2)=p5s\sigma(m^2)=p^5 sσ(m2)=p5s.

Idea. Write σ(p5)=(p+1)(p2+p+1)(p2−p+1)=2ABC\sigma(p^5)=(p+1)(p^2+p+1)(p^2-p+1)=2ABCσ(p5)=(p+1)(p2+p+1)(p2−p+1)=2ABC with A=(p+1)/2A=(p+1)/2A=(p+1)/2, B=p2+p+1B=p^2+p+1B=p2+p+1, C=p2−p+1C=p^2-p+1C=p2−p+1. Then m2=ABC sm^2=ABC\,sm2=ABCs. The numbers B,CB,CB,C are pairwise coprime, BBB is coprime to AAA, and gcd⁡(C,A)∣3\gcd(C,A)\mid 3gcd(C,A)∣3; moreover BBB lies strictly between p2p^2p2 and (p+1)2(p+1)^2(p+1)2 and CCC strictly between (p−1)2(p-1)^2(p−1)2 and p2p^2p2, so neither is a square. As 333 divides at most one of B,CB,CB,C, one of them, XXX, is prime to 333; it is coprime to the other factors of ABCABCABC, so any prime ℓ∣X\ell\mid Xℓ∣X has vℓ(m2)=vℓ(X)+vℓ(s)v_\ell(m^2)=v_\ell(X)+v_\ell(s)vℓ​(m2)=vℓ​(X)+vℓ​(s). Since XXX is not a square it has a prime ℓ\ellℓ with vℓ(X)v_\ell(X)vℓ​(X) odd, and then vℓ(s)v_\ell(s)vℓ​(s) is odd.

Formalization Note The statement is an elementary lemma proved for this mission; it is not taken from the literature. The hypothesis s>0s>0s>0 only excludes the degenerate solution m=s=0m=s=0m=s=0.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber

theorem five_dris_index_odd_valuation_prime (p m s : Nat) (hp : p.Prime) (hp2 : p ≠ 2)
    (hs : 0 < s) (heq : 2 * m ^ 2 = (∑ d ∈ (p ^ 5).divisors, d) * s) :
    ∃ ℓ : Nat, ℓ.Prime ∧ ℓ ≠ 3 ∧ ℓ ∣ p ^ 4 + p ^ 2 + 1 ∧ Odd (padicValNat ℓ s) := by sorry

end OddPerfectNumber
Source
https://prove2.me/missions/f37bda44-314b-4d8e-8917-fe26209e0c9c

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