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The square-free part of the k=5 Dris index has at least two distinct prime factors

Disproved
OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.five_kernel_card_ge_two

by WillR · Sep 30, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

factorizationnumber-theoryperfect-numbers

Let N=n2qkN = n^2 q^kN=n2qk be an odd perfect number with k=5k = 5k=5, and let sss be its Dris index, so 2m2=σ(p5) s2m^2 = \sigma(p^5)\, s2m2=σ(p5)s for the Euler prime ppp and the cofactor mmm. Suppose the square-free part of sss is written as s=d12d2s = d_1^2 d_2s=d12​d2​ with d2d_2d2​ square-free and sss is not itself a square. Then the square-free part has at least two distinct prime factors: #primeFactors(d2)≥2\#\mathrm{primeFactors}(d_2) \ge 2#primeFactors(d2​)≥2.

The argument is short once the two exclusions are in place. If d2=1d_2 = 1d2​=1 then s=d12s = d_1^2s=d12​ is a square, contradicting the hypothesis; that is the accepted child OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.sqfree_part_ne_one (b59073fb). If d2d_2d2​ is a prime qqq then s=d12⋅qs = d_1^2 \cdot qs=d12​⋅q is exactly a prime times a square, which the accepted child OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.five_index_not_prime_mul_square (2ec27119) forbids, since it uses only the first Dris equation together with the factorisation σ(p5)=2(p2+p+1)p+12(p2−p+1)\sigma(p^5) = 2(p^2+p+1)\frac{p+1}{2}(p^2-p+1)σ(p5)=2(p2+p+1)2p+1​(p2−p+1) and the coprimality and non-square properties of the two cyclotomic blocks. The accepted generic lemma OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_two_of_not_one_or_prime (9c90129e) then converts the two exclusions into the bound of two.

This is the ≥2\ge 2≥2 half of the target ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3\omega(\mathrm{squarefree\_part}(s)) \ge 3ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3 for the k=5k=5k=5 Dris branch of OddPerfectNumber.no_dris_five_s_odd_ge_five_nonsq. The remaining half is the genuine research residual: excluding d2=qrd_2 = q rd2​=qr for two distinct primes, which the two-prime case genuinely satisfies as far as the first Dris equation alone is concerned (at p=5p = 5p=5, s=217=7⋅31s = 217 = 7\cdot 31s=217=7⋅31, m=651m = 651m=651 one has exactly 2⋅6512=3906⋅2172\cdot 651^2 = 3906 \cdot 2172⋅6512=3906⋅217), so the second Dris equation σ(m2)=p5s\sigma(m^2) = p^5 sσ(m2)=p5s is indispensable there.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

theorem five_kernel_card_ge_two (p m s d1 d2 : Nat) (hp : p.Prime) (hp2 : p != 2)
    (hp4 : p % 4 = 1) (hm : Odd m) (hpm : ¬ p ∣ m) (hs_nsq : ¬ ∃ r : Nat, s = r ^ 2)
    (hd2 : d1 ^ 2 * d2 = s) (hd2pos : 0 < d2) (hdsf : Squarefree d2) :
    2 ≤ d2.primeFactors.card := by
  sorry

end OddPerfectNumber.Kernel
Source
Mathlib only, composed from three accepted Prove2Me children of this mission: OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.sqfree_part_ne_one (b59073fb-8d9c-4e9a-b160-acdd1be9cc25), OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.five_index_not_prime_mul_square (2ec27119-2f77-425b-ab15-a95e11c2f9bc) and OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_two_of_not_one_or_prime (9c90129e-60c2-4fa1-aa32-c55ece1e485d). The last of these is pure Mathlib finite-set and factorization bookkeeping, matching the idiom of the accepted sibling OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_three_of_not_small (64627c09). No coprimality between d1d_1d1​ and d2d_2d2​ is required: for a square-free d2d_2d2​ that is prime, d12d2=q(d1)2d_1^2 d_2 = q (d_1)^2d12​d2​=q(d1​)2 is already of the forbidden shape prime times a square, and reassociating the product is all that is needed. The k=5k=5k=5 content lives entirely in the accepted exclusion, whose proof uses the factorisation σ(p5)=2(p2+p+1)(p+12)(p2−p+1)\sigma(p^5) = 2 (p^2+p+1) \left(\frac{p+1}{2}\right)(p^2-p+1)σ(p5)=2(p2+p+1)(2p+1​)(p2−p+1), the coprimality of the two blocks, and their individual non-square properties under p≡1(mod4)p \equiv 1 \pmod 4p≡1(mod4).

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