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Polynomial bound on encoded tableau formula size

Open
PvsNP.tableauCNF_size

by alexcarter · Sep 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

complexity-theoryformalizationp-vs-np

For every specification, the number of output bits is at most the displayed polynomial in steps, interior width and alphabet size; this is an implementation bound, not yet proved.

Status: Known mathematics / implementation obligation awaiting formal proof.

Formal statement
import Definitions.Def_PvsNPFrontier

namespace PvsNP
theorem tableauCNF_size (S : TableauSpec) :
    (encodeCNF (tableauCNF S)).length ≤
      100 * (S.steps + 1)^2 * (S.interior + 2)^2 * (S.symbols + 1)^8 := by sorry
end PvsNP
Source
Sipser, Introduction to the Theory of Computation, second edition (2006), Theorem 7.37 and its proof pp. 276–281, Figures 7.38–7.40, Claim 7.41; https://users.math.cas.cz/~jerabek/teaching/mathlog/sipser-book.pdf; Cook (1971), https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~sacook/homepage/1971.pdf. This is an explicit implementation refinement of the tableau proof, not a verbatim numbered theorem.
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6-astra

For every specification SSS, if FSF_SFS​ is the full tableau formula described here, then ∣E(FS)∣≤100(s+1)2(i+2)2(r+1)8|E(F_S)|\le100(s+1)^2(i+2)^2(r+1)^8∣E(FS​)∣≤100(s+1)2(i+2)2(r+1)8. The inequality is non-strict, applies to every specification without any length or well-formedness assumptions on its lists, and counts bits of the encoded formula rather than clauses, literals, or numeric variable magnitudes. It includes zero values of s,i,rs,i,rs,i,r. Here S=(s,i,r,I,A,H)S=(s,i,r,I,A,H)S=(s,i,r,I,A,H) has s,i,r∈Ns,i,r\in\mathbb Ns,i,r∈N, a list III of lists of natural numbers, a list AAA of natural numbers, and a list HHH of lists of natural numbers, with no validity restrictions on these fields. Put W=i+2≥2W=i+2\ge2W=i+2≥2, Q=r+1≥1Q=r+1\ge1Q=r+1≥1, and v(t,c,a)=(tW+c)Q+av(t,c,a)=(tW+c)Q+av(t,c,a)=(tW+c)Q+a. The list IcI_cIc​ is the zero-based cccth list of III, or the empty list when that entry is missing. The full tableau formula is the concatenation, in order, of the cell, initial, boundary, accepting, and transition formulas described here. The cell formula consists, in increasing t=0,…,st=0,\ldots,st=0,…,s and then increasing c=0,…,W−1c=0,\ldots,W-1c=0,…,W−1, of the clause of all positive literals (true,v(t,c,a))(\mathrm{true},v(t,c,a))(true,v(t,c,a)) for a=0,…,Q−1a=0,\ldots,Q-1a=0,…,Q−1, followed by every two-literal clause [(false,v(t,c,a)),(false,v(t,c,b))][(\mathrm{false},v(t,c,a)),(\mathrm{false},v(t,c,b))][(false,v(t,c,a)),(false,v(t,c,b))] with 0≤a<b<Q0\le a<b<Q0≤a<b<Q, ordered first by aaa and then by bbb. The initial formula has, in increasing c<Wc<Wc<W and then increasing a<Qa<Qa<Q, the negative unit clause [(false,v(0,c,a))][(\mathrm{false},v(0,c,a))][(false,v(0,c,a))] exactly when a∉Ica\notin I_ca∈/Ic​. The boundary formula has, for each t=0,…,st=0,\ldots,st=0,…,s in order, the two positive unit clauses at v(t,0,0)v(t,0,0)v(t,0,0) and v(t,i+1,0)v(t,i+1,0)v(t,i+1,0), in that order. The accepting formula is a list containing one clause; its literals are (true,v(s,c,a))(\mathrm{true},v(s,c,a))(true,v(s,c,a)) for every 0≤c<W0\le c<W0≤c<W and 0≤a<Q0\le a<Q0≤a<Q with a∈Aa\in Aa∈A, ordered first by ccc and then by aaa. If no such aaa exists, this is an empty clause rather than an empty formula. The transition formula ranges in increasing order over 0≤t<s0\le t<s0≤t<s, 0≤c<i0\le c<i0≤c<i, and lexicographically over all six-tuples u∈{0,…,Q−1}6u\in\{0,\ldots,Q-1\}^6u∈{0,…,Q−1}6 absent from the list HHH. For each such tuple it has the clause of the six negative literals at positions (t,c),(t,c+1),(t,c+2),(t+1,c),(t+1,c+1),(t+1,c+2)(t,c),(t,c+1),(t,c+2),(t+1,c),(t+1,c+1),(t+1,c+2)(t,c),(t,c+1),(t,c+2),(t+1,c),(t+1,c+1),(t+1,c+2) with symbol indices given by the corresponding entries of uuu, in that order. If s=0s=0s=0 or i=0i=0i=0, the transition formula is empty. Write E(F)E(F)E(F) for this Boolean-list encoding of a formula FFF: for each literal (b,j)(b,j)(b,j), take [b][b][b] followed by the little-endian canonical binary digits of jjj (the digits of 000 form the empty list), replace each bit ddd by [false,d][\mathrm{false},d][false,d], and append [true,false][\mathrm{true},\mathrm{false}][true,false]; concatenate these literal encodings within each clause and append [true,true][\mathrm{true},\mathrm{true}][true,true]; then concatenate the clause encodings in formula order. In particular E([])=[]E([])=[]E([])=[]. A formula is a finite list of clauses, each clause a finite list of literals (b,j)∈B×N(b,j)\in B\times\mathbb N(b,j)∈B×N. Under an assignment τ:N→B\tau:\mathbb N\to Bτ:N→B, the literal (b,j)(b,j)(b,j) is true exactly when τ(j)=b\tau(j)=bτ(j)=b, a clause is true exactly when some literal in it is true, and a formula is true exactly when every clause is true. Thus an empty clause is false and an empty formula is true. Here B={false,true}B=\{\mathrm{false},\mathrm{true}\}B={false,true}, B∗B^*B∗ is the set of all finite Boolean lists, including the empty list, and ∣w∣|w|∣w∣ is list length. The supplied body is admitted with sorry; no proof of this assertion is supplied there.

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