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Γ(2+i)\Gamma(2+i)Γ(2+i) is a Kleinian group

Proved
Thurston23.isKleinian_gammaTwoI

by t4v1 · Sep 13, 2026 · Mathlib 777aaa6 (Lean v4.29.0-rc3)

hyperbolic-geometrykleinian-groupsthurston-question-23

The principal congruence subgroup Γ(2+i)\Gamma(2+i)Γ(2+i) of the Picard group SL2(Z[i])\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}[i])SL2​(Z[i]), acting on hyperbolic 333-space by Möbius transformations, is a Kleinian group in the sense of the mission bundle: it acts by isometries preserving the hyperbolic volume, freely, and properly discontinuously. Isometry and volume preservation hold for all of SL2(C)\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})SL2​(C). Proper discontinuity is inherited from the Picard group: a compact set lies in a box t0≤t≤Tt_0 \le t \le Tt0​≤t≤T, ∣q∣2≤R|q|^2 \le R∣q∣2≤R, and if ggg carries a point of the box into the box then ∣cq+d∣2=t/t′≤T/t0|c q + d|^2 = t/t' \le T/t_0∣cq+d∣2=t/t′≤T/t0​ bounds the Gaussian integers ccc, ddd, and by the same argument for g−1g^{-1}g−1 also aaa and bbb. Freeness is where the level matters: at a fixed point the trace of ggg is real and lies in [−2,2][-2, 2][−2,2], for g∈Γ(2+i)g \in \Gamma(2+i)g∈Γ(2+i) it is congruent to 222 modulo 2+i2+i2+i, and the only such Gaussian integer in [−2,2][-2, 2][−2,2] is 222, which forces g=1g = 1g=1. The quotient H3/Γ(2+i)\mathbb{H}^3/\Gamma(2+i)H3/Γ(2+i) is therefore a hyperbolic 333-manifold; this is the second milestone's witness, isolated as a reusable statement.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_Thurston23_picard
Formal statement
namespace Thurston23

open MeasureTheory

theorem isKleinian_gammaTwoI : IsKleinian gammaTwoI := by
  sorry

end Thurston23
Source
W. P. Thurston, Three-dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 (1982), 357-381, Question 23 (p. 380). J. Elstrodt, F. Grunewald, J. Mennicke, Groups Acting on Hyperbolic Space, Springer 1998, Chapter 7. Formalisation: https://github.com/t4v1/thurston23/blob/58bb3fd/Thurston23.lean#L1639-L1644.

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