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Inversion of Abel's half-line integral equation, smooth families

Proved
exists_abelInverse_linear_contDiff_eq_zero_of_le_integral_div_sqrt_sub_eq

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let PPP be a real normed space (a type with a normed additive commutative group structure and a real normed space structure). The assertion is the existence of an operator TTT carrying functions R→C\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}R→C to functions R→C\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}R→C with the following two properties. First, TTT is C\mathbb{C}C-linear on smooth compactly supported data: for all f,g:R→Cf, g : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}f,g:R→C that are C∞C^\inftyC∞ with compact support and all a,b∈Ca, b \in \mathbb{C}a,b∈C, one has T(af+bg)=a Tf+b TgT(a f + b g) = a\, T f + b\, T gT(af+bg)=aTf+bTg as functions of ξ\xiξ. Second, for every G:R×P→CG : \mathbb{R} \times P \to \mathbb{C}G:R×P→C that is C∞C^\inftyC∞ with compact support, three things hold: the function (ξ,p)↦T(G(⋅,p))(ξ)(\xi, p) \mapsto T(G(\cdot, p))(\xi)(ξ,p)↦T(G(⋅,p))(ξ) on R×P\mathbb{R} \times PR×P is C∞C^\inftyC∞; for every R∈RR \in \mathbb{R}R∈R, if G(ξ,p)=0G(\xi, p) = 0G(ξ,p)=0 for all p∈Pp \in Pp∈P and all ξ≥R\xi \ge Rξ≥R, then also T(G(⋅,p))(ξ)=0T(G(\cdot, p))(\xi) = 0T(G(⋅,p))(ξ)=0 for all p∈Pp \in Pp∈P and all ξ≥R\xi \ge Rξ≥R; and for every η∈R\eta \in \mathbb{R}η∈R and every p∈Pp \in Pp∈P, the Bochner integral of ξ↦T(G(⋅,p))(ξ)/ξ−η\xi \mapsto T(G(\cdot, p))(\xi) / \sqrt{\xi - \eta}ξ↦T(G(⋅,p))(ξ)/ξ−η​ over the open half-line (η,∞)(\eta, \infty)(η,∞), with respect to Lebesgue measure, equals G(η,p)G(\eta, p)G(η,p). No constraint is imposed on the values of TTT at functions outside the smooth compactly supported ones.

This is the solvability of Abel's integral equation with kernel (ξ−η)−1/2(\xi - \eta)^{-1/2}(ξ−η)−1/2 on a half-line, in a form uniform in an auxiliary parameter ppp in a normed space: the solution operator is linear, preserves smoothness jointly in (ξ,p)(\xi, p)(ξ,p), and propagates vanishing on upper half-lines. It is used in the construction of the archimedean splitting transform for automorphic forms on GL2(R)\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{R})GL2​(R), via AutomorphicForm.GL2Real.exists_linear_entrySlice_archWeightChar_zero_splitTransform_eq.

Preamble
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.Set
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Lebesgue.Basic
import Mathlib.Data.Real.Sqrt

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

open MeasureTheory
Formal statement
theorem exists_abelInverse_linear_contDiff_eq_zero_of_le_integral_div_sqrt_sub_eq
    (P : Type) [NormedAddCommGroup P] [NormedSpace ℝ P] :
    ∃ T : (ℝ → ℂ) → (ℝ → ℂ),
      (∀ f g : ℝ → ℂ, ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) f → HasCompactSupport f → ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) g →
        HasCompactSupport g → ∀ a b : ℂ, T (fun ξ => a * f ξ + b * g ξ) = fun ξ => a * T f ξ + b * T g ξ) ∧
      ∀ G : ℝ × P → ℂ, ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) G → HasCompactSupport G →
        ContDiff ℝ (⊤ : ℕ∞) (fun q : ℝ × P => T (fun ξ => G (ξ, q.2)) q.1) ∧
        (∀ R : ℝ, (∀ (p : P) (ξ : ℝ), R ≤ ξ → G (ξ, p) = 0) →
          ∀ (p : P) (ξ : ℝ), R ≤ ξ → T (fun ξ' => G (ξ', p)) ξ = 0) ∧
        ∀ (η : ℝ) (p : P),
          ∫ ξ in Set.Ioi η, T (fun ξ' => G (ξ', p)) ξ / ((Real.sqrt (ξ - η) : ℝ) : ℂ) = G (η, p) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_exists_abelInverse_linear_contDiff_eq_zero_of_le_integral_div_sqrt_sub_eq.lean

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