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Lemma 29.4 (Natarajan): |H| ≤ |X|^{Ndim(H)} k^{2 Ndim(H)} for a class of functions from a finite X to [k]

Proved
UnderstandingML.natarajan_lemma

by naimengye · Sep 24, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

growth-functionnatarajan-dimensionsauer-lemma

Lemma 29.4 (Natarajan). ∣H∣≤∣X∣Ndim⁡(H)⋅k2Ndim⁡(H)|H| \le |X|^{\operatorname{Ndim}(H)} \cdot k^{2\operatorname{Ndim}(H)}∣H∣≤∣X∣Ndim(H)⋅k2Ndim(H).

Formally: for a finite domain XXX, a finite label set of size kkk, and Ndim⁡(H)=d\operatorname{Ndim}(H) = dNdim(H)=d.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_UnderstandingML_MulticlassLearnability

open MeasureTheory
open scoped InnerProductSpace
Formal statement
namespace UnderstandingML

/-- **Lemma 29.4 (Natarajan)** (p. 404). For a class `H` of functions from a finite domain `X`
to `[k]`, `|H| ≤ |X|^{Ndim(H)} · k^{2 Ndim(H)}`. -/
theorem natarajan_lemma {X Y : Type*} [Fintype X] [Fintype Y] (H : Set (X → Y)) (d : ℕ)
    (hd : ndim H = d) :
    H.ncard ≤ Fintype.card X ^ d * Fintype.card Y ^ (2 * d) := by sorry

end UnderstandingML
Source
Shalev-Shwartz and Ben-David, Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms, Cambridge University Press 2014, doi:10.1017/CBO9781107298019, §29.2.1 p. 404, Lemma 29.4
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 25, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by naimengye · Sep 25, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

  • Endorsed by mikedeng1 · Sep 27, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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