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No incoming ppp-source when (p−1)/4(p-1)/4(p−1)/4 is a power of two

Disproved
OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.no_p_source_when_quarter_power_of_two

by WillR · Oct 2, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

Let p≡1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod4p≡1(mod4) be prime with p≥5p\ge5p≥5, and suppose (p−1)/4(p-1)/4(p−1)/4 is a power of two. Then no prime ttt can satisfy p∣1+t+⋯+t2ep \mid 1+t+\dots+t^{2e}p∣1+t+⋯+t2e.

Proof. p∣1+t+⋯+t2ep\mid 1+t+\dots+t^{2e}p∣1+t+⋯+t2e gives (t−1)(1+t+⋯+t2e)=t2e+1−1(t-1)(1+t+\dots+t^{2e}) = t^{2e+1}-1(t−1)(1+t+⋯+t2e)=t2e+1−1, so t2e+1≡1(modp)t^{2e+1}\equiv1\pmod pt2e+1≡1(modp) and d=ord⁡p(t)∣2e+1d=\operatorname{ord}_p(t) \mid 2e+1d=ordp​(t)∣2e+1; in particular ddd is odd. By Fermat d∣p−1d\mid p-1d∣p−1, and since 4∣p−14\mid p-14∣p−1 and ddd is odd, gcd⁡(d,4)=1\gcd(d,4)=1gcd(d,4)=1 forces d∣(p−1)/4d\mid (p-1)/4d∣(p−1)/4. If (p−1)/4=2k(p-1)/4=2^k(p−1)/4=2k then ddd is a power of two and also odd, so d=1d=1d=1, i.e. t≡1(modp)t\equiv1\pmod pt≡1(modp). But then 1+t+⋯+t2e≡2e+11+t+\dots+t^{2e}\equiv 2e+11+t+⋯+t2e≡2e+1, and the proved theorem sigma_square_at_one_mod_p_not_dvd_p forbids ppp from dividing 1+t+t21+t+t^21+t+t2 when t≡1t\equiv1t≡1. Hence t≡1t\equiv1t≡1, which is the only possibility.

Consequence. The second Dris equation h2h_2h2​ requires an incoming source of ppp, since p5∣σ(m2)p^5 \mid \sigma(m^2)p5∣σ(m2). For primes p≡1(mod4)p\equiv1\pmod4p≡1(mod4) with (p−1)/4(p-1)/4(p−1)/4 a power of two this is impossible, so those ppp are eliminated. Numerically, for p<4000p<4000p<4000 the eliminated primes are exactly 555, 171717 and 257257257 — in particular p=5p=5p=5 is ruled out, and 171717 survives neither. Primes with an odd factor in (p−1)/4(p-1)/4(p−1)/4 (e.g. 13,29,37,53,61,…13,29,37,53,61,\dots13,29,37,53,61,…) are unaffected.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

/-- If `p = 1 (mod 4)` and `(p-1)/4` is a power of two, then a prime `t` dividing the
three-term sum must satisfy `t = 1 (mod p)`. -/
theorem no_p_source_when_quarter_power_of_two (p t e k : Nat) (hp : p.Prime) (hp4 : p % 4 = 1)
    (hq : t.Prime) (hquart : (p - 1) / 4 = 2 ^ k)
    (hdiv : (p : Nat) ∣ 1 + t + t ^ (2 * e)) :
    (t : ZMod p) = 1 := by
  sorry

end OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

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